The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

344 APPENDIX.1 st. In the end of a word ; as, dom'-t-ni. Except in tib-iand sib-i, in which final i sounds like short e.2d. In the first syllable of a word (the second of which isaccented), either when it stands alone before a consonant ; asi-do'-ne-us, or ends the syllable before a vowel ;as, fi-e'-bam.In all other situations at the end of an unaccented syllablenot final, i has an obscure sound resembling short e ; as, nob f -i-lis, rap'-i-dus, Yi-de'-lis, &c.3. When a syllable ends with a consonant,. its vowel has theshort English sound, as mfat, met, pin, not, tub, symbol; thus,mag f -nus, reg f -nu?n, fin f -go, hoc, sub, cyg'-nus.Exc. Es at the end of a word, has the sound of the English word ease ;^Ji'-des, ig'-nes.923.—2. The sound of the Diphthongs.JE and oe are pronounced as e in the same situation ; as,ce'-tas, ccet'-e-ra, poe r -na, ozs'-trum.Au is pronounced like aw,— eu like long w,—and ei, not followedby another vowel, like long i ; as, au'-di-o, eu r -ge, hei.Exc. In Greek proper names, au are separated ; as, Men"-e-la'-us.Note.— ua, ue, ui, uo, and uu, in one syllable after q, g, s, are not properlydiphthongs, but the u takes the sound of w, 8-2.After g and s these vowels are often pronounced separately, or in differ*ent syllables ; as, ar'-gu-o, su'-a, su'-i, su'-us.Exc. Ui in cui and huic, has the sound of i long.924.—3. The sound of the Consonants.The consonants are in general pronounced in Latin as inEnglish. The following may be noticed.C before e, i, y, ce, ce, has the sound of 5 ; as, ce-do, ci-vis, cyg'-nus, Catsar,cce'-na ; before a, o, u, I, r, and at the end of a syllable, it has the soundof k; as, Cato, con-tra, car, Clo-di-us, Cri-to.Ch, generally has the sound of h ; as char'-ta chor'-da, chroma.G before e, i, y, 02, oe, has its soft sound like j ; as, ge'-nus, re'-gis ; alsobefore another g soft ; as, agger. In other situations it is hard ; as in theEnglish words, bag, go.Ch and ph before th in the beginning of a word, are not sounded ; as,Chthonia, JPhthia ; also when a word begins with mn< gn, tm, ct, pt, ps,the first letter is silent, or but slightly sounded; as, mne-mos'-y-ne, gud-vus,tmesis, Cte-si as, Ptol-e-mce'-us, paal'-lo.Other consonants in their combinations resemble so closely their soundsin English words, that further illustration is unnecessary.%