The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

——:§ 112 SYNTAX.—DATIVE. 233instead of the dative, have an ablative with a preposition expressed or understood; as, discors secwm ; alienum nostra amicitid.390.Obs. 7. Idem is sometimes followed by the dative, chiefly in thepoets ; as, Jupiter idem o m nib us ; Invltum qui servat, idem faeitOccident i. In prose, idem is followed commonly by qui, ac, atque, ut, orguam, 728.§ 112. THE DATIVE GOVERNED BY VEEBS.391. Kitle XVII. All verbs govern the dativeof the object or end, to which the action, or stateexpressed by them, is directed ; as,Finis vail t imperio, An end has come to the empire.us redit hostibus, Courage returns to the enemy.Tibi seris, tibi metis, You sow for yourself, you reap for yourself.392.—EXPLANATION.—This rulemay be considered as general, applyingto all cases in which a verb is followed by a dative. When the verbis transitive active, it governs its remote object in the dative, not as thatupon which the action is exerted, but as that to which it is directed, while, atthe same time, it governs also its immediate object in the accusative (501).If intransitive, it will be followed by a dative only.This rule, being applicable to all cases in which a dative follows a verb, istoo general to be useful, as it could be applied correctly without much discrimination.It w r ill therefore be of more advantage, when it can be done, toapply the special rules comprehended under it as followsSPECIAL RULES.393.—I. Sum, and its compounds, govern thedative (except possum) ;as,Prcefnit exercitui, He commanded the army.Debemus omnibus prodesse, We ought to do good to all.394.—II. The verb Est, signifying to le^ or tobelong to, governs the dative of the possessor ; as,Est mild liber, A book is to me, i. e. I have a book.Sunt mi hi libri, Books are to me, i. e. I have books.Scio libros esse mihi, I know r that books are to me, i. e.—that I have, &c.895.—EXPLANATION.—In this construction, the dative expresses theperson or thing, to or for which the subject spoken of, is, or exists. Theverb will always be in the third person singular, or plural, in any tense, or