The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

——270 SYNTAX.—MOODS. § 141cum), etsi, tametsi (tamenetsi), quanquam., si, sin, ne, nisi, siquidem, quod,quia, cfec. Quoniam, quando, and quandoquulem, usually have the indicative.630. Obs. 3. Quum (or cum), when it signifies time, merely, takes theindicative, and is translated when; as, tempus fait qu um homines v a g a-b an t u r. When it denotes a connection of thought, implying dependence,it takes the subjunctive, and may be translated variously, according to thenature of the connection, since, although,, as soon as, seeing that, &c. ; as,c u m ea ita slut, " since these things are so.' ?631.0bs^4=. In narration, quum is joined with the imperfect, andlie pluperfect subjunctive, even when it relates to time, but the event denotedby the subjunctive, usually relates to that expressed in the clauseon which the subjunctive depends, not only in regard to time, but also, insome sense, as a cause; as, cum sciret Clodius iter necessarium Miloniesse Lanuvium, Roma subito ipse profectus est.632.Obs. 5.The conjunction ut, is elegantly omitted after volo, nolo,rogo, precor, censeo, suadeo, licet, oportet, necesse est, and the like. Also,after the imperatives sine,fac, or facito; as, precor venias, ' ; I beg (that)you would come;" fac facias, " see (that) you do it." So also ne is omittedafter the imperative cave ; as, cave facias,'*See thou do it not."633.— Obs. 6. After the verbs timeo, vereor, and the like, ut is used ina negative sense, " that not," and ne, in an affirmative sense, u that f as, timeout faciat, " I fear that he will not do it." Timeo ne faciat, " I fear that hewill do it." In a few examples, however, ut seems to have an affirmative,and ne, a negative meaning. Ne non, after timeo, vereor, is equivalent tout non after other verbs ; as, timeo ne non impetrem, " I fear that Ishall not obtain it."634.—6. In oblique discourse (651 Exp.), the verb, in dependentclauses, takes the subjunctive after any conjunctiveterm.§ 141. THE SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER THE RELATIVE,635.Rule LV. The relative qui, quce, quod,requires the subjunctive, when it refers to an indejmite,negative, or interrogative word,—to wordsimplying comparison,—or assigns the reason, cause,or end of that which precedes,—and also in allcases of oblique narration.This General Rule may be subdivided Tito the following636.SPECIAL RULES.Rule I. When the relative qui, quce, quod refcrs t