The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

:;;— civium trucidandorum286 SYNTAX.—GERUNDS. § 14:7when not the subject of the infinitive, is governed by the prepositions,ad, inter, &c. ; as,Inter docendum,In time of teaching.705.— Obs. 5. The gerund in do, of the ablative case, is governedby the prepositions a, ah, de, e, ex, or in ; as,Poena a peccando absterret,Punishment frightens from sinning.Or, without a preposition, as the ablative of manner, orcause ;as,Memoria excolendo augetur, The memory is improved by -exercising it.Defessus sum ambidando, I am wearied with walking.706.— Obs. 6. The gerund, as a verbal noun, resembles the infinitive,and is often put' for it ; as, Est tempus legendi, or legere. The gerund,however, is never joined with an adjective, and is sometimes taken in apassive sense; as, Gum Tisidium vocaretur ad imper andum— " to receiveorders ;" urit v idendo,— " by being seen," i. e. dum videtur.CONSTRUCTION OF GERUNDIVES.707.—LXII. Gerunds governing the accusative,are elegantly turned into gerundives in dus, which,with the sense of the gerund, instead of governing,agree with their substantive in gender, number,and case ;as,Gerund, Tempus petendi pdcem, ) - •m r ^-,'nrv 4. j - •r lime oi seeking peace.Gerundive, 1 empus petenace pacts, ° x)Gerund, Ad petendam pdcem, ) rp ., .~ j. a j j. j - r To seeking Deace.Gerundive, Ad petendam pacem, ° A)Gerund, A petendo pdcem, ) .-,„a t j* - r From seeking peace.° r-,'r.Gerundive, A petenda pace,)708.—EXPLANATION.—This rule applies only to the oblique cases.In the first of these examples, the Gerund petendi is .governed in the genitiveby tempus according to Rule VI., 382, and then governs pacem in the accusativeby Bale XX., 436. In the gerundive form, the genitive pads is governedby tempus, by Rule VI., 832, and the gerundive petenda agrees with itby Rule II., 263. In the gerund form, the gerund is governed, and thengoverns the noun. In the gerundive form, the noun is governed, and thenthe gerundive agrees with it by R. II. In order to change from the gerundto the gerundive, it is necessary only to change the accusative of the noun,into the case of the gerund, and then make the gerundive agree with it ; andfrom the gerundive to the gerund, change the noun into the accusative, andthe gerundive into the gerund, in the same case as before.Gen.The following are examples to be changedConsilia urbis delendaiextinquendi— nominis Romdni