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——— —218 SYNTAX.—OBSERVATIONS. § 102tion of the verb ;also the nominative of the third person, when it is an indefiniteword, or may be easily supplied from the context ; as, ferunt %" they say ;" (fee.306.— Obs. 2. The subject is also omitted when the verb expressesthe state of the weather, or an operation of nature ; as, fulgurat, " it lightensf pluit, " it rains ;" ningit, a it snows."307. Obs. 3. Impersonal verbs are usually considered as without anominative. Still, they will generally be found to bear a relation to somecircumstance, sentence, clause of a sentence, or infinitive mood, similar tothat between a verb and its nominative; as, delect at me studere, " it delightsme to study," i. e. " to study delights me ;" —miserei me tui, " I pity you,"i. e. conditio, or fortuna tui miseret one, " your condition excites my pity."662.308.— Obs. 4. The verb is sometimes omitted when the nominative isexpressed, and sometimes when it is understood; as, nam ego Polydorus(sc stun), u for I am Polydorus;'' omnia prmcldra vara (sc. sunt), "allexcellent things are rare—turn ;" ille (sc. r esp o ndi u t), then he replied;"— verum hactenus4io2C (sc. dixtmu s).309.— Obs. 5. When the subject is an infinitive, or a clause of a sentence, the verb is in the third person singular ; and, if a compound tensethe participle is put in the neuter gender ; as, in cert u m est quam longanostrum cujusque vita futura sit, "how long any of us shall live is uncerta;/ n310.— vObs. 6. The nominative is sometimes found with the infinitive,in which case ccepit or cceperunt, or some other verb, according to thesense, is understood ; as, omnes invidere mihi, " every one envied me."The infinitive with the nominative before it, is so common in historicalnarrative, that it is called the historical infinitive. Thus used, it is translatedas the imperfect or the perfect indefinite, for which tenses it seemsto be used, and with which it is sometimes connected. 669..— 311 Obs; 7. Videor, in the sense of " I seem," is used throughout asa personal verb, but is often rendered impersonally: as, videor esse liber,"it seems that /am free," literally, " I seem to be free."—Followed by thedative of a person, it means to think, fancy, suppose, with reference to theword in the dative, as the subject in English; as, videor tibi esse, "youthink /ki i am," literally, " I seem to you to be;" tu videris mihi, "Ithink that you—videor ;" Mi, " he thinks that I ;"
——§ 102 SYNTAX.—OBSERVATIONS. 219plural ; taken separately, the verb is usuallysingular ;as,(Taken together,)Furor iraque mentem prcecipitant, Fury and rage hurry on my mind.(Taken separately,)Si Socrates aut Antistltenes diceret,IfSocratesor Antisthenes should say313.— Obs. 1. To both parts of this rule, however, and especially tothe first, there are many exceptions. If one of the nominatives is plural,the verb is commonly plural. But sometimes the verb agrees with thenominative nearest it, and is understood to the rest, especially when eachof the nominatives is preceded by et or turn, or when they denote thingswithout life ; as, Mens exim, et ratio, et consilium, in seuibus e s t.When the nominatives are disjunctively connected by aut, neque,
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THEPRINCIPLESOFLATIN GRAMMARCOMPRIS
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PREFACE.In the study of any languag
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...INDEX.A.PAGEA 1 lative, meaning
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...CINDEX.VIIPAGE Pronouns,pageMcod
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—;LATIN GEAMMAR.1. Late* Geammae,
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—§ 1 LETTERS. 3a consonant. The
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§ 3 SYLLABLES. 5lowed by a consona
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;§ 3 SYLLABLES. 723.— Accent is
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;§ 5, 6 PARTS OF SPEECH.—OF THE
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§ 7 ACCIDENTS OF THE NOUN. 1139.
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—§ 8 DECLENSION. 135. The Vocati
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§9 FIRST DECLENSION. 1560.—The f
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—§ 10 SECOND DECLENSION. 17Like
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:§10 SECOND DECLENSION. 19Regnum,
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—:§ 10 THIRD DECLENSION. 21GREEK
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12 THIRD DECLENSION. 285. In the fo
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—:& 12 THIKD DECLENSION. 2582.—
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—§ 13 THIRD DECLENSION. 27§ 13.
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—:§ 13 THIRD DECLENSION. 296. Ex
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§ 15 THIRD DECLENSION. SIABLATIVE
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§ 16 FOURTH DECLENSION. 33Bos, an
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:§ 16 FOURTH DECLENSION. 35Exc. 3.
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:;§17 FIFTH DECLENSION. 372. Facie
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—;;§ IS IRREGULAR NOUNS. 394. Ne
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;§ 18 IRREGULAR NOUNS. 41Ablative.
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—:::§ 18 IKKEGULAR NOUNS. 43the
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•:§ 18 IRREGULAR NOUNS. 45are pr
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§ 18 IRREGULAR NOUNS. 47SuffImen,
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—.§ 20 ADJECTIVES. 49§ 20. ADJE
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—§ 21 ADJECTIVES. 51Note 2. Aliu
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—:§21 ADJECTIVES. 53JExc. Plus,
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.§ 22 ADJECTIVES. 55Primoris, geni
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.:§ 24 NUMERAL ADJECTIVES. 57§ 24
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§ 24 NUMEKAL ADJECTIVES. 59Duo, tw
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§ 24 NUMERAL ADJECTIVES. 61Ordinal
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§ 25 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 631
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§;;;§26 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.
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;§ 27 DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVES. 67
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§ 28 PRONOUNS.Tu, thou, Second Per
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:§ *28 pboxouxs. 71cerunt, " his f
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:;§ 30 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 73and
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98,§ 31 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 75
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§ 33 RELATIVE PRONOUN. 77rendered
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—§ 34 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN. 79P
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§ 37 COMPOUND PRONOUNS. 81Quicunqu
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§ 38 THE VERB. 83Obs. 2. Some of t
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§ 39 THE VERB. 85§ 39. DIFFERENT
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.—§ 41 THE VERR— VOICE. 87the
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§ 42 THE VERB.— MOODS. 891st. It
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——§ 43 THE VERB.— TENSES. 91
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§ 44 THE VERB.—TENSES. 93English
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;§ 44 THE VERB.—TENSES. 95true a
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;§ 45 THE VERB.—TENSES. 97170
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———§ 45 THE VEKB.—TENSES.
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——;§ 47 THE VERB.—TENSES. 10
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5—§ 47 THE VERB.—TENSES. 103th
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—.•§ 48 THE VEKB.—TENSES. 10
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*;§ 49 THE VERB.—PARTICIPLES. 10
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:;51 THE V r EEB.—CONJUGATION. 10
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—;§ 52 THE VERB.—FORMATION OF
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;§ 53 THE VERB.—FORMATION OF TEN
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§ 54 THE VERB.—SUM. 115Imperfect
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—§ 55 THE VERB.—SUM. 117INFINI
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.§ 56 THE VEKB.—FIRST CONJUGATIO
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;§56 THE 7ERB.—FIRST CONJUGATION
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—:——§ 57 THE VERB.—FIRST C
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§ 58 THE VERB.—FIRST CONJUGATION
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—§ 59 THE VEEB.—FIEST CONJUGAT
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;J§ 60 THE VERB.—SECOND CONJUGAT
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. With,I§ 61 THE VERB.—SECOND CO
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;§ 62 THE VEKB.—SECOND CONJUGATI
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:§ 63 THE VERB.—SECOND CONJUGATI
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Ye§ 64 THE VERB.—THIRD CONJUGATI
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i;:§.64 THE VERB.—THIRD CONJUGAT
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—;—§ 66 THE VERB.—THIRD CONJ
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They;;\§ 66 THE VERB.—THIRD CONJ
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—67 THE VEKB.— THIRD CONJUGATIO
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;§ 68 THE VERB.—FOURTH CONJUGATI
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.§ 80 COMPOUND VERBS. 1G5§ 80. CO
Page 165 and 166: .: 'have§ 81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES.
Page 167 and 168: ;§ 81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 169The
Page 169 and 170: :§ 81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 171Pre
Page 171 and 172: ;§81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 173Pres
Page 173 and 174: §81 PEEFECTS AND SUPINES. 175Pres.
Page 175 and 176: '§81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 177Pres
Page 177 and 178: §81 PEEFECTS AND SUPINES. 179Pres.
Page 179 and 180: —;:;:§ 83 IRREGULAR VERBS. 181Na
Page 181 and 182: ;;;§ 83 IRREGULAR VERBS. 1833. Eo,
Page 183 and 184: ;;;;83 IRREGULAR VERBS. 185SUBJUNCT
Page 185 and 186: ;§ 83 IRREGULAR VERBS. 187In like
Page 187 and 188: — — —; —§ 84 DEFECTIVE VER
Page 189 and 190: §85 IMPERSONAL VERBS. 1912. Impers
Page 191 and 192: ;§ 86 IMPEKSOXAL VERBS. 193224,—
Page 193 and 194: ;;;;§ 88 DERIVATIVE VERBS. 195227.
Page 195 and 196: :then;§ 89 ADVERBS. 1974th. JIono?
Page 197 and 198: .,:§ 90 PREPOSITIONS. 199Positive
Page 199 and 200: § 91 PREPOSITIONS IN COMPOSITION.
Page 201 and 202: § 93 conjunctions. 203§ 93. CONJU
Page 203 and 204: ——§ 95 syntax. 20c244.—§ 95
Page 205 and 206: § 96, 97 SYNTAX.—SUBSTANTIVE. 20
Page 207 and 208: ——Bonarum§ 98 SYNTAX.—ADJECT
Page 209 and 210: —,§ 98 SYNTAX.—ADJECTIVE. 2112
Page 211 and 212: ———;SYNTAX.—RELATIVE. 2 J 3
Page 213 and 214: ———;:—§ 99 SYNTAX.—RELAT
Page 215: ——;§ 100, 101 SYNTAX.—NOMINA
Page 219 and 220: —§104 SYNTAX.—GOVERNMENT. 221t
Page 221 and 222: ——§ 106 SYNTAX.—GENITIVE. 22
Page 223 and 224: ——:——;§ 107 SYNTAX.—GENI
Page 225 and 226: ——v.ter§ 107 SYNTAX.— GENITI
Page 227 and 228: ——§ 108 SYNTAX.—GENITIVE. 22
Page 229 and 230: ——§ 110, 111 SYNTAX.—DATIVE.
Page 231 and 232: ——:§ 112 SYNTAX.—DATIVE. 233
Page 233 and 234: § 112 SYNTAX.—DATIVE. 2355. Intc
Page 235 and 236: —:P§ 113 SYNTAX.—DATIYE. 23741
Page 237 and 238: —'.;§ 114 SYNTAX.—DATIVE. 239g
Page 239 and 240: ——§ 116 SYNTAX.—ACCUSATIVE.
Page 241 and 242: ——§118 SYNTAX- -ABLATIVE. 2434
Page 243 and 244: —;§ 120 SYNTAX.—ABLATIVE. 245c
Page 245 and 246: —————§ 122 SYNTAX.—ACC
Page 247 and 248: —§ 123 SYNTAX.- -ACCUSATIVE AND
Page 249 and 250: ——;;§ 125 SYNTAX—ACCUSATIVE
Page 251 and 252: ——"he§ 126 SYNTAX.—PASSIVE V
Page 253 and 254: —§ 129 SYNTAX.—CIRCUMSTANCES.
Page 255 and 256: ——§ 130 SYNTAX.—CIRCUMSTANCE
Page 257 and 258: ——§ 132 SYNTAX.— CIRCUMSTANC
Page 259 and 260: ——;§ 134 SYNTAX.—ADVERBS. 26
Page 261 and 262: —§ 136 SYNTAX—PKEPOSITIONS. 26
Page 263 and 264: ——)§ 137 SYNTAX OF THE VERB.
Page 265 and 266: —§ 139 SYNTAX.—MOODS. 267and c
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;—;g 1-JtO SYNTAX,—MOODS. 269EX
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—§ 141 SYNTAX.—MOODS. 271an in
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———§ 141 SYNTAX.—MOODS. 27
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§142-3 SYNTAX.—MOODS. 275.its pa
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——;;§ 144 SYNTAX.—MOODS. 277
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——§ 145 SYNTAX.—MOODS. 279on
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—§ 145 SYNTAX.—MOODS. 2811st.
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———'§ 146 SYNTAX.—THE CASE
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§ 147 SYNTAX.—GERUNDS. 285the ve
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——§ 148 % SYNTAX.—SUPINES. 2
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——§149 SYNTAX.—CONJUNCTIONS.
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——§ 151 SYNTAX.—LATIN ARRANG
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—;;§ 151 SYNTAX.—LATIN ARRANGE
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—;—§ 152 SYNTAX.—ANALYSIS. 2
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§ 152 SYNTAX.—ANALYSIS. 297or pr
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——§ 152 SYNTAXanalysis!29SThe
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—::———;§ 153 SYNTAX.—ANA
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§ 153 SYNTAX.—PARSING. 303ad Pre
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—§ 155 PROSODY.—QUANTITY. 30O3
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————§ 157 PROSODY.—QUANT
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————;§ 158 PROSODY.—QUAN
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;§ 159 PKOSODY.—QUANTITY. 3115.
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—g 160 PROSODY.—QUANTITY. 313Ru
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—§161 PROSODY.—QUANTITY. 315si
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———§ 162 PROSODY.—VERSIFIC
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§163 PROSODY.—METRE. 3196. Those
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:;|:§ 164 PROSODY.—METRE. 321THE
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dantenabrachiatollunt.—§ 164 POS
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nasJanenasPyrrhadiveantra|quernCypr
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an:emen-Inform,'mantnesnoresam|gens
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BacchumjCum§169 PROSODY.—METRE.
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:;331APPENDIX.1. ROMAN COMPUTATION
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——:—ROMAN COMPUTATION OF TIME
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:—:DIVISIONS OF THE ROMAN PEOPLE.
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———ROMAN MONEY—WEIGHTS—AN
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.KOMAN MONEY—WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
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:APPENDIX. 341ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
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:;APPENDIX. 3433. A single consonan
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TEXT BOOKSFOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES,
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:;:Farmer, Brace 4- Co's Publicatio
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Farmer, Brace
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:Farmer, Brace
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a\-> t^^ v>Deacidified using the Bo
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