Understanding Map Projections

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1GeographiccoordinatesystemsIn this chapter you’ll learn about longitudeand latitude. You’ll also learn about the partsthat comprise a geographic coordinate systemincluding:• Spheres and spheroids• Datums• Prime meridians1
Page 1 and 2: Understanding Map ProjectionsMelita
Page 3 and 4: ContentsCHAPTER 1: GEOGRAPHIC COORD
Page 5: State Plane Coordinate System .....
Page 9 and 10: does the distance represented by on
Page 11 and 12: spheroid is chosen to fit one count
Page 13: NORTH A MERICAN DATUMSThe two horiz
Page 16 and 17: PROJECTED COORDINATE SYSTEMSA proje
Page 18 and 19: Map projections are designed for sp
Page 20 and 21: Conic projectionsThe most simple co
Page 22 and 23: Cylindrical projectionsLike conic p
Page 24 and 25: Azimuthal projections are classifie
Page 26 and 27: PROJECTION PARAMETERSA map projecti
Page 29 and 30: 3GeographictransformationsThis chap
Page 31 and 32: EQUATION-BASED METHODSThree-paramet
Page 33 and 34: GRID-BASED METHODSNADCON and HARN m
Page 35 and 36: 4SupportedmapprojectionsA map proje
Page 37 and 38: Equidistant ConicEquidistant Cylind
Page 39 and 40: Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Is
Page 41 and 42: ALASKA GRIDDistanceThe minimum scal
Page 43 and 44: ALBERS EQUAL A REA CONICparallels a
Page 45 and 46: BEHRMANN EQUAL AREA CYLINDRICALUSES
Page 47 and 48: BONNEDirectionLocally true along ce
Page 49 and 50: CHAMBERLIN T RIMETRICLIMITATIONSThe
Page 51 and 52: CYLINDRICAL EQUAL A READirectionLoc
Page 53 and 54: ECKERT IThe central meridian is 0°
Page 55 and 56: ECKERT IIILIMITATIONSUseful only as
Page 57 and 58:
ECKERT VUSES AND APPLICATIONSSuitab
Page 59 and 60:
EQUIDISTANT CONICUse the Equirectan
Page 61 and 62:
EQUIRECTANGULARAreaDistortion incre
Page 63 and 64:
GAUSS-KRÜGERDESCRIPTIONAlso known
Page 65 and 66:
GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATE SYSTEMGeograp
Page 67 and 68:
GREAT BRITAIN NATIONAL GRIDDirectio
Page 69 and 70:
HOTINE OBLIQUE MERCATORLINEAR GRATI
Page 71 and 72:
LAMBERT AZIMUTHAL EQUAL AREAPROPERT
Page 73 and 74:
LOCAL CARTESIAN PROJECTIONDESCRIPTI
Page 75 and 76:
MCBRYDE-THOMAS FLAT-POLAR QUARTICLI
Page 77 and 78:
MILLER CYLINDRICALDirectionLocal an
Page 79 and 80:
NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL GRIDAreaDistor
Page 81 and 82:
PERSPECTIVEPolar aspect—All merid
Page 83 and 84:
POLAR STEREOGRAPHICAreaThe farther
Page 85 and 86:
QUARTIC A UTHALICUSES AND APPLICATI
Page 87 and 88:
ROBINSONDistanceGenerally, scale is
Page 89 and 90:
SINUSOIDALDistanceThe scale along a
Page 91 and 92:
STATE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEMDESCRI
Page 93 and 94:
STEREOGRAPHICPROPERTIESShapeConform
Page 95 and 96:
TRANSVERSE MERCATORPROPERTIESShapeC
Page 97 and 98:
TWO-POINT EQUIDISTANTpoint represen
Page 99 and 100:
UNIVERSAL T RANSVERSE MERCATORDESCR
Page 101 and 102:
VERTICAL NEAR-SIDE PERSPECTIVEEquat
Page 103 and 104:
WINKEL IILIMITATIONSNeither conform
Page 105:
Selected ReferencesDatums, Ellipsoi
Page 108 and 109:
equatorThe parallel of reference th
Page 110 and 111:
planar projectionA form of projecti
Page 113 and 114:
IndexAAbridged Molodensky method26A
Page 115 and 116:
Longitude 2Longitude length 3Longit
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Understanding Map Projections

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