Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Î·È ·ÊÈÂÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È Û’ ·˘Ù‹Ó Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔÈ ÛÙ›¯ÔÈ (ÛÙ. 273-276)Ø ÙÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È ¤ÙÛÈË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙËÙ¿ Ù˘ Î·È Ë ·Í›· Ù˘ ÂappleÈÛÙÚÔÊ‹˜ Ù˘, ·ÊÔ‡ ·˘Ù‹ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ·ÈÙ›· ÙÔ˘ ı˘-ÌÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ‹Úˆ·. ‚) √ fiÚÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ· (ÛÙ. 274-276) ˘appleÔÓÔ› fiÙÈ Ô ·Ú¯ÈÛÙÚ¿ÙË-ÁÔ˜ ›¯Â ·ÓÙÈÏËÊı› ÙÔ Ï¿ıÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·applefi ÙËÓ appleÚÒÙË ÛÙÈÁÌ‹, ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi ¿ÏψÛÙ ·apple¤Ê˘Á ӷ·ÁÁ›ÍÂÈ ÙËÓ ÎfiÚËØ Ô ÂÁˆÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ˆÛÙfiÛÔ ‰ÂÓ ÙÔ˘ Âapple¤ÙÚÂapple ӷ Âapple·ÓÔÚıÒÛÂÈ. Á) ∂ÎÙfi˜·applefi Ù· ‰ÒÚ· appleÔ˘ ı· ‰ÔıÔ‡Ó ¿ÌÂÛ·, Ô ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ·˜ ˘applefiÛ¯ÂÙ·È Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÁÈ· ÙÔ Ì¤Ï-ÏÔÓ (ÛÙ. 277-299): ·˘Ù¿ ı· ‰ÔıÔ‡Ó fï˜ Û ‰‡Ô ‰fiÛÂÈ˜Ø ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¿ÏˆÛË Ù˘ ∆ÚÔ›·˜ (277-282) Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂappleÈÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÛÙËÓ apple·ÙÚ›‰· (283-299) Î·È ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÓÙ·È ·applefi ·ÛÙ¿ıÌË-ÙÔ˘˜ apple·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ Î·È ·applefi ÙË ı¤ÏËÛË ÙˆÓ ıÂÒÓ.ÛÙ. 300-306: Ô √‰˘ÛÛ¤·˜ Ì ÙÔ ÏfiÁÔ ÙÔ˘ ·appleÔ‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÙ·È ÁÓÒÛÙ˘ Ù˘ Ù¤¯Ó˘ Ù˘ appleÂÈıÔ‡˜Î·È Ù˘ ·ÓıÚÒappleÈÓ˘ „˘¯ÔÏÔÁ›·˜Ø ·ÏÏ¿ ΢ڛˆ˜ ˆ˜ ÁÓÒÛÙ˘ ÙÔ˘ ËÚˆÈÎÔ‡ ÎÒ‰Èη·ÍÈÒÓ, ÙÔ˘ ÔappleÔ›Ô˘ ȉ·ÓÈÎfi appleÚfiÙ˘appleÔ ‹Ù·Ó Ô ∞¯ÈÏϤ·˜, ·Ê‹ÓÂÈ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ ‰¤ÏÂ·Ú Ù˘‰fiÍ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÙÈÌ‹˜. √ ËÏ›‰Ë˜ ı· ¯ÚÂÈ·ÛÙ› appleÔÏÏ‹ ‰‡Ó·ÌË ÁÈ· Ó· Ì›ÓÂÈ ·Û˘ÁΛÓËÙÔ˜ÌappleÚÔÛÙ¿ Û’ ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ appleÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿. ∫È fï˜: «Â ÙÔ‡ÙË ÙËÓ fiÌÔÚÊ· Û˘ÓıÂ̤ÓË Ú‹ÛË, appleÔ˘˙ˆÁÚ·Ê›˙ÂÈ ÂÓ·ÚÁ›˜ ÚËÙÔÚÈΤ˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Ù˘ ӛ΢ ÙÔ˘ ŒÎÙÔÚÔ˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ Û˘Ì‚Ô˘ÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ËϤˆ˜ ÙËÓ ÒÚ· ÙÔ˘ ·appleÔ¯ˆÚÈÛÌÔ‡, Ô √‰˘ÛÛ‡˜ appleÚÔÛ¤ÊÂÚ ÛÙÔÓ ∞¯ÈÏϤ· Ó· ÎÂÚ‰›ÛÂÈ ‰fi-Í· Î·È ¤ÍÔ¯· ‰ÒÚ· Î·È ÙÔ˘ ˘apple¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ ÔÊ›ÏÂÈ Ó· ÂϤÁÍÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÚÁ‹ ÙÔ˘Ø ‰ÂÓ appleÚfiÊÂÚÂfï˜ Ô‡Ù ÌÈ· ϤÍË Î·Ù¿ÎÚÈÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ· ‹ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÏÔÁ›· ÙÔ˘ fiÙÈ ÙÔ Ï¿-ıÔ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ‰ÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ (ÛÙ. 115 Î.ÂÍÍ.), Ô‡Ù ÌÈ· ϤÍË ˘appleÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ‹ Û˘Ìapple¿ıÂÈ·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ∞¯ÈÏ-Ϥ· ÂΠ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ¿ÏÏˆÓ appleÔÏÂÌ¿Ú¯ˆÓ, Ô‡Ù ÌÈ· ϤÍË Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ ·Á·Ó¿ÎÙËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ÁÈ· ÙËÓ appleÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ appleÔ˘ ˘apple¤ÛÙË ÂΛÓÔ˜.» (Edwards M.W., ÛÂÏ. 304)ÛÙ. 308 Î.ÂÍ.: «Ù· Û˘ÓÙÚÈappleÙÈο ·˘Ù¿ ÂappleȯÂÈÚ‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ √‰˘ÛÛ¤· Ô ∞¯ÈÏϤ·˜ ·ÓÙÈ-Ù¿ÛÛÂÈ: ·) ŸÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ó· appleÔÏÂÌ¿ÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ Î·È Ó· ÌËÓ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Ë ·Í›·ÙÔ˘. ‚) ŸÙÈ Ô applefiÏÂÌÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ· Î·È ÙËÓ ∂ϤÓË, ÂÓÒ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂÈ ÙË µÚÈÛË›‰·. Á) ∞˜ appleÚÔÛٷهÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ· ÙÔ Ù›¯Ô˜ appleÔ˘ ¤¯ÙÈ-ÛÂ Î·È Ë Ù¿ÊÚÔ˜. ‰) ŸÙÈ Ù· ‰ÒÚ· ÙÔ˘ ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ· Â›Ó·È ÌÈÛËÙ¿ Î·È fiÙÈ Ô‡Ù ÙËÓ ÎfiÚË ÙÔ˘ı¤ÏÂÈ (ÛÙ. 389). Â) ∆Ô Ó· ÛÎÔÙÒÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ŒÎÙÔÚ· Î·È Ó· ΢ÚȇÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ∆ÚÔ›· Â›Ó·È ‚¤‚·È·ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ‰fiÍ·, ·ÏÏ¿ ·˘Ù‹ ÙË ‰fiÍ· ı· ÙËÓ appleÏËÚÒÛÂÈ, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ¤Ó· ¯ÚËÛÌfi, Ì ÙÔ ÁÚ‹-ÁÔÚÔ ı¿Ó·Ùfi ÙÔ˘˜.» (∫·ÏÔÁÂÚ¿ µ.∞., ∞ÈÛıËÙÈ΋…, ÛÂÏ. 302)ÛÙ. 309-313: ÙÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È Â‰Ò Ë Â˘ı‡ÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· Î·È Ë ÂÈÏÈÎÚ›ÓÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∞¯ÈÏ-Ϥ·, ηıÒ˜ Âapple›Û˘ Î·È Ë ·appleÔÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ appleÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ˘appleÔÎÚÈÛ›·Ø ÙÔ Âappleȯ›ÚËÌ· Ù˘ ÂÈÏÈ-ÎÚ›ÓÂÈ·˜ ı· ÙÔ˘ ÂappleÈÙÚ¤„ÂÈ Ó· Ù· appleÂÈ fiÏ· «¤Íˆ ·apple’ Ù· ‰fiÓÙÈ·». ∏ ÚËÙ‹ ‰È·‚‚·›ˆÛ‹ÙÔ˘ fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ı· ˘appleÔ¯ˆÚ‹ÛÂÈ ·applefi ÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘, ÙÔappleÔıÂÙË̤ÓË ÂÌÊ·ÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ Ù˘ڋÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ (ÛÙ. 310), appleÚÔ‰Èο˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·appleÔÙ˘¯›· Ù˘ «appleÚÂۂ›·˜»Ø Ô ÏfiÁÔ˜ ÙÔ˘, ˆÛÙfiÛÔ,ı· Â›Ó·È Ì·ÎÚÔÛÎÂÏ‹˜, fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÁÈ· Ó· ÛÙËÚ›ÍÂÈ Ô ‹Úˆ·˜ Ì ÂappleȯÂÈÚ‹Ì·Ù· ÙËÓ ·Ó˘appleÔ-¯ÒÚËÙË ÛÙ¿ÛË ÙÔ˘, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÁÈ· Ó· ·Ê‹ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ apple›ÎÚ· ÙÔ˘ Ó· ÂÎÊÚ·ÛÙ›. ∏ ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁÈ-΋ appleÚfiÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ. 312 Ì·˙› Ì ÙËÓ ¤ÎÊÚ·ÛË-˘appleÂÚ‚ÔÏ‹, appleÔ˘ ‰ËÏÒÓÂÈ Ì›ÛÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ‡„ÈÛÙÔ‚·ıÌfi («ÌÈÛËÙfi˜, fiÛÔ ÙÔ˘ Õ‰’ ÔÈ apple‡Ï˜») ·appleÔηχappleÙÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ Ù·Ú·Á̤ÓË „˘¯ÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÙÔ˘Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË. ∆· ÏfiÁÈ· ·˘Ù¿, appleÔ˘ Âapple·ÈÓÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈÏÈÎÚ›ÓÂÈ· Î·È Î·Ù·‰Èο˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ·ÓÙ›-ıÂÙÔ ‹ıÔ˜, ·appleÔÎÙÔ‡Ó È‰È·›ÙÂÚË ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ· ÙË ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ appleÔ˘ ϤÁÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ √‰˘ÛÛ¤· (‚Ï. apple·-ڷοو, ∫›ÌÂÓ· ·applefi ÙË ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·, ·Ú. 1 Î·È 2).ÛÙ. 316-322: Ô ∞¯ÈÏϤ·˜ Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ appleÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿ ÂÓfi˜ ÁÂÓÓ·›Ô˘ appleÔÏÂÌÈÛÙ‹ Ì ÙËÓ100
ËıÈ΋, ΢ڛˆ˜, ·ÌÔÈ‚‹ ÙÔ˘, ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹, Î·È Û˘ÌappleÂÚ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ·Í›˙ÂÈ Ó· appleÔÏÂÌ¿ÂÈ Î·Ó›˜,ÁÈ·Ù› Î·È Ô ÁÂÓÓ·›Ô˜ Î·È Ô ‰ÂÈÏfi˜ ·Ì›‚ÔÓÙ·È ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÛÙË ˙ˆ‹, ÂÓÒ Î·È Ë ÌÔ›Ú· ÙÔ˘ ı·-Ó¿ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÎÔÈÓ‹ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ‰˘Ô. ∆Ë ÁÂÓÈ΋ ·˘Ù‹ ‰È·apple›ÛÙˆÛË ÙËÓ ÙÂÎÌËÚÈÒÓÂÈ Ì appleÚÔ-ÛˆappleÈο apple·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù·. ∏ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ù˘ appleÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿˜ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ·applefi‰ÔÛË ÙÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÌÈ·apple·Ú·ÛÙ·ÙÈÎfiÙ·ÙË apple·Ú·‚ÔÏ‹ (ÛÙ. 323 Î.ÂÍ.), appleÔ˘ ÂÍ·›ÚÂÈ ÙË Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‹Úˆ· ÛÙÔÓapplefiÏÂÌÔ, ·ÏÏ¿ ˘appleÔ‚È‚¿˙ÂÈ fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ∞¯·ÈÔ‡˜ Î·È fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔÓ ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ·. °È·ÙË ÛΤ„Ë appleÔ˘ ‰È·Ù˘appleÒÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÛÙ. 327, ‚Ï. apple·Ú·apple¿Óˆ Û¯fiÏ. ∞ 148 Î.ÂÍ.ÛÙ. 348 Î.ÂÍ.: Û›ÁÔ˘Ú· Ù· ÏfiÁÈ· ·˘Ù¿ ϤÁÔÓÙ·È Ì ·ÚÎÂÙ‹ ‰fiÛË appleÈÎÚ‹˜ ÂÈÚˆÓ›·˜. ∆ÔÙ›¯Ô˜ (‚Ï. appleÂÚ›ÏË„Ë ∏ 316-482) ηٷÛ΢¿ÛÙËÎÂ, ÂappleÂȉ‹ Ï›appleÂÈ Ô ∞¯ÈÏϤ·˜. ∏ ∂Ï. ∫·-ÎÚȉ‹ ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ Û’ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚ›Ô: «ª¤Û· ·applefi Ù· ÏfiÁÈ· ÙÔ˘ appleÚÔ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ Ô ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜ ·ÓÙ›-Ì·¯Ô˜, Ô ŒÎÙÔÚ·˜: ÙfiÛ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÌfiÓÔ Ô ∞¯ÈÏϤ·˜ ÌappleÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ÙÔÓ Û˘ÁÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÂÈ. ∞˘ÙfiappleÔ˘ ‹ıÂÏÂ Ô ∞¯ÈÏϤ·˜ ¤¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ. √È ∞¯·ÈÔ› ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ı¤ÛË, Ô ŒÎÙÔÚ·˜ ÊÚÂ-ÓÈ¿˙ÂÈ. ∏ ºı›· ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ∞¯ÈÏϤ· ÙË ˙ˆ‹, ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞¯ÈÏϤ·. ∆· ·Á·ı¿ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á·-̤ÌÓÔÓ· Î·È Ù˘ ∆ÚÔ›·˜ ÙÔ ı¿Ó·ÙÔ. ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ (ÛÙ. 406-409) Ë ‰È·apple›ÛÙˆÛË ı· ÁÂÓÈ΢-Ù›. […] ¡· ÓÈÒıÂÈ Ù¿¯· ÈηÓÔappleÔÈË̤ÓÔ˜; ∆È appleÂÚÈ̤ÓÂÈ; √ appleÔÈËÙ‹˜ ÙÔÓ ‚¿˙ÂÈ Ó· appleÚÔ¯ˆÚ›¤Ó· ‚‹Ì· ·ÎfiÌ·: ∞‡ÚÈÔ Ê‡Áˆ! […]√ ∞¯ÈÏϤ·˜ ‰ÂÓ appleÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È Ó· ʇÁÂÈ. N· appleԇ̠appleˆ˜ fiÏ· ÙÂÏ›ˆÓ·Ó ‰Ò, ‰Â ı· ˘apple‹Ú-¯Â ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ πÏÈ¿‰·˜, appleˆ˜, ·Ó Ô ∞¯ÈÏϤ·˜ ÍÂı‡ÌˆÓ Ì ٷ ‰ÒÚ· ηÈÍ·Ó·Á‡ÚÈ˙ ÛÙË Ì¿¯Ë, ı· ‹Ù·Ó ¤Ó·˜ ·appleÏfi˜ ÂappleÈÎfi˜ ‹Úˆ·˜ Û·Ó ÙÔ ªÂϤ·ÁÚÔ ÁÈ· apple·Ú¿-‰ÂÈÁÌ·, appleˆ˜ Ë ÂÌÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞¯ÈÏϤ· appleÔ˘ ÙÔÓ ÌÂÙ·‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ·applefi ÌÈ· ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ Î·È apple¤Ú· Û ÙÚ·-ÁÈÎfi ‹Úˆ· appleÔ˘ appleÚÔηÏ› Ô ›‰ÈÔ˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÙÔ Í¤ÚÂÈ, ÙÔ ı¿Ó·ÙÔ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÙÚÔÎÏÔ˘ Î·È ¤Ì-ÌÂÛ· Î·È ÙÔ ‰ÈÎfi ÙÔ˘, fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ Â›Ó·È ÛˆÛÙ¿, fï˜ ‰Â ÊÙ¿ÓÔ˘Ó.∆ËÓ ·ÓٛʷÛË ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û’ ·˘Ùfi appleÔ˘ ·appleÂÈÏ› appleˆ˜ ı· οÓÂÈ Ô ∞¯ÈÏϤ·˜ Î·È Û’ ·˘Ùfi appleÔ˘Î¿ÓÂÈ appleÚ¤appleÂÈ Ó· ÙËÓ ÂÚÌËÓ‡ÛÔ˘ÌÂ Î·È Ì¤Û· ·applefi ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÙËÓ „˘¯ÔÏÔÁ›· ÙÔ˘: Ô ‹Úˆ·˜apple·Ï‡ÂÈ Ì ÙÔÓ Â·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘. ∂›Ó·È ·Ï‹ıÂÈ· appleˆ˜ ı¤ÏÂÈ Ó· ʇÁÂÈ, ÌÈ· ·ÓÙ›ÚÚÔappleË fï˜ ‰‡-Ó·ÌË ÙÔÓ ÂÌappleÔ‰›˙ÂÈ, ‰ÂÓ ·Ê‹ÓÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ ‡ÎÔÏ· ÙÔÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ ÙÔ˘, ÎÈ Ô ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞¯ÈÏϤ·Â›Ó·È Ô ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ appleÔϤÌÔ˘. °È· ÙÔ ‰È¯·ÛÌfi ·˘Ùfi Ô appleÔÈËÙ‹˜ ‰Â Ì·˜ ϤÂÈ Ù›appleÔÙ·: fiÏ· ·˘-Ù¿ ‚Á·›ÓÔ˘Ó ·applefi ÙÔ ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ fiÙÈ apple·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ∆ÚÔ›·.¿Ú· appleÔχ Ê˘ÛÈο ÙÔ fiÚ·Ì· Ù˘ ºı›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ʤÚÓÂÈ ÛÙË ÛΤ„Ë Ù· ·Á·ı¿ appleÔ˘ ¿ÊËÓÂÂΛ apple¤Ú·, fiÙ·Ó ¤ÊÙ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ∆ÚÔ›·, ·˘ıfiÚÌËÙË Ë ·ÓÙ›‰Ú·ÛË: ‘‘ÙÈ ‹ıÂÏ· ÎÈ ÂÚ¯fiÌÔ˘Ó·’’,ÁÈ· Ó· appleÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ Û’ ·˘Ù¿ appleÔ˘ ı· apple¿ÚÂÈ Ì·˙› ÙÔ˘, ·appleÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù˘ appleÔÏÂÌÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙË-ÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Î·È ÛÙÔ ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi appleÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ Ï›appleÂÈ, ·˘Ùfi appleÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ apple‹Ú ·˘ı·›ÚÂÙ·Ô ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ·˜. ∂‰Ò Ë Â˘ı‡ÓË ‚·Ú·›ÓÂÈ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË ÙÔÓ ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ·: ‘‘Ô ∞Á·Ì¤-ÌÓÔÓ·˜ ÌÔ˘ ÙÔ ’¯ÂÈ ·Úapple¿ÍÂÈ’’… ∞˘Ùfi appleÔ˘ ˙ËÙ¿ ÙÒÚ· Ô ∞¯ÈÏϤ·˜ Â›Ó·È Ó· ÍÂÌappleÚÔÛÙÈ·-ÛÙ› Ô ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ·˜ ÌappleÚÔÛÙ¿ Û ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ ÙÔÓ ·¯·˚Îfi ÛÙÚ·Ùfi, ÁÔÚÁ¿ fï˜ appleÂÚÓ¿ Ë ÛΤ-„Ë ÙÔ˘ ·applefi ÙËÓ ÂappleÈı˘Ì›·, Ó· ·appleÔÎ·Ï˘Êı› Ë ·‰È·ÓÙÚÔappleÈ¿ ÙÔ˘, ÁÈ· Ó· ÌËÓ ÌappleÔÚ› Ó·ÍÂÁÂÏ¿ÛÂÈ ¿ÏÏÔÓ, ÛÙÔÓ appleÚÔÛˆappleÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ηËÌfi: Ì Á¤Ï·ÛÂ, Ì ·‰›ÎËÛÂ. ∏ appleÈÎÚ‹ ÂÌappleÂÈ-Ú›· Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂÛ›‰ÈÎË ·applefiÊ·ÛË: ¿ÏÏË ÊÔÚ¿ ‰Â Ì ÁÂÏ¿! […] √ appleÔÈËÙ‹˜ ‚¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ∞¯ÈÏϤ· Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔÈ› ÙÔ Û¯‹Ì· Ù˘ ˘appleÂÚ‚ÔÏ‹˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ˘appleÔÁÚ·ÌÌÈÛÙ› applefiÛÔ Î·ÙËÁÔ-ÚËÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÛÙËÓ ¿ÚÓËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ Ô ‹Úˆ·˜: fiÏ· Ù· ηϿ ÙÔ˘ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘ Ó· ÌÔ˘ ¤‰ÈÓÂ, ÂÁÒ‰ÂÓ Ù· ı¤Ïˆ, ·Ó ‰Â ÌÔ˘ appleÏËÚÒÛÂÈ appleÚÒÙ·…! ∂‰Ò Ô ÏfiÁÔ˜ Â›Ó·È apple¿ÏÈ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¿‰ÈÎË appleÚÔ-Û‚ÔÏ‹. ∆· ÏfiÁÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∞¯ÈÏϤ· ·Ê‹ÓÔ˘Ó Ó· Ê·Ó› appleˆ˜ appleÂÚÈ̤ÓÂÈ ÎÈ ¿ÏÏË ÍÂappleÏËڈ̋. §Â˜101
- Page 1:
APXAIA E§§HNIKA (M∆ºƒ.)√Ì
- Page 5 and 6:
ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓ·∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ
- Page 7 and 8:
∂π∞°ø°π∫√ ∏ª∂πø
- Page 9 and 10:
ÏÔ˘ı‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙȘ ÌÂÙ·
- Page 11 and 12:
ÔÌËÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ¿ÛÂ
- Page 13 and 14:
∂¡√∆∏∆∂¢π¢∞∫∆
- Page 15 and 16:
Â. ∂appleÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›·1Ë
- Page 17 and 18:
Ù‹˜ ÙÔÓ ı¤ÏÂÈ apple·Ú
- Page 19 and 20:
Î·È apple›Ûˆ ·applefi ÙÈ
- Page 21 and 22:
ıËÛË, ÙËÓ Î·ÏÏȤÚÁÂ
- Page 23 and 24:
·ÏÏ¿ ˆ˜ ·Ú¯·ÈÔÁÓˆÛ
- Page 25 and 26:
2. √ ıÚ‹ÓÔ˜ Ù˘ ∂ο
- Page 27 and 28:
ıÚ‹ÓÔ˜ Ù˘ Ì¿Ó·˜ (Û
- Page 29 and 30:
B. ÀÏÔappleÔ›ËÛË∏ Ù¿Í
- Page 31 and 32:
∏ Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ÌappleÔÚÂ
- Page 33 and 34:
µÉνιν ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎÔ
- Page 35 and 36:
apple¿ÏÈ Ó· Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘
- Page 37 and 38:
ÛÙ. 21-22: ÙÔ Ú‹Ì· ¢Ï
- Page 39 and 40:
∞applefi ÛÙfiÌ·, ÔappleÔ‡
- Page 41 and 42:
ÏfiÁÔ Ô ∞Á·Ì¤ÌÓÔÓ·˜
- Page 43 and 44:
ñ ¡· ηٷÓÔ‹ÛÔ˘Ó Ù
- Page 45 and 46:
ÙÔ ·Ê·ÈÚ› ·applefi ÙÔ
- Page 47 and 48:
ÂÍ.). £· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÔ˘ÌÂ
- Page 49 and 50: ÂÈÎÔÓ›˙ÂÈ Ù¤ÏÂÈ·,
- Page 51 and 52: Ú·„ˆ‰›· ∞ 350-431·:
- Page 53 and 54: ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË Ì¿¯Ë. ∫·
- Page 55 and 56: ÌappleÔÚ› Ó· ·Ê‹ÛÂÈ
- Page 57 and 58: ¢›·, ÒÛÙÂ Ó· ·appleÔÙ
- Page 59 and 60: apple·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıԇ̠Î
- Page 61 and 62: Û’ ·˘Ù‹ ÙË ıÂÒÚËÛË
- Page 63 and 64: ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ appleÔÈËÙ‹ Ù
- Page 65 and 66: ÛÎÔapple›·˜», ÂÓÒ apple
- Page 67 and 68: ÎÈ ¤Ó·˜ ÙÔ apple·›ÚÓÂ
- Page 69 and 70: ÛÊÚ·Á›˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ appleÂ
- Page 71 and 72: Ù‹˜ apple·Ú¤Î·Ì„ ÙË
- Page 73 and 74: °. ∂π∏ª∞¡∂π ÛÙȘ
- Page 75 and 76: οو Î·È ‰Â Ì·Ù·ÛË
- Page 77 and 78: ÓÈ˙fiÌÂÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Èapp
- Page 79 and 80: µ. Àª§∏ƒøª∞∆π∫∞
- Page 81 and 82: Ó·ÓÙÈ ÛÙÔ ÓÂÎÚfi ∞Â
- Page 83 and 84: Á·ÏÂÈfi Ù˘, fiÙ·Ó Ô Œ
- Page 85 and 86: appleÔÏÂÌÈÛÙ¤˜, ‰ËÏ·
- Page 87 and 88: ‰¤Ó·Ó ْ ¿ÏÔÁ· ÎÈ
- Page 89 and 90: Ú›˙Ô˘Ó ÙË ˙ˆ‹. ªÈ·
- Page 91 and 92: appleÏÔ›· ÙÔ˘ √), ηÈ
- Page 93 and 94: ÛÙ. 315: Ó· ÛËÌÂÈÒÛÔ˘
- Page 95 and 96: apple¿Óˆ ·applefi ÙÔ appleÂ
- Page 97 and 98: Ú¤˜ (ÛÙ. 52 Î·È 205) fiÙÈ
- Page 99: µ. Àª§∏ƒøª∞∆π∫∞
- Page 103 and 104: °. ∂π∏ª∞¡∂π ÛÙȘ
- Page 105 and 106: Ó· ÛΤÊÙÔÓÙ·È ÙÔÓ
- Page 107 and 108: (Û˘˙˘ÁÈÎÔ› η‚Á¿‰
- Page 109 and 110: £· ’ÚıÂÈ Ô ¢˘Û¤·˜ Û
- Page 111 and 112: 4. ¡· ‰È·appleÈÛÙÒÛÔ˘
- Page 113 and 114: ∞˜ apple¿ÚÔ˘Ì ˆ˜ ¤Ó·
- Page 115 and 116: apple¿Óˆ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÓÙ‹Í
- Page 117 and 118: Ù‹ ÛÙËÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Ì
- Page 119 and 120: ¢. ∂π∏ª∞¡∂π ÛÙȘ
- Page 121 and 122: ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ˘ÏÈÎÔ
- Page 123 and 124: ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·appleÏ‹ Û
- Page 125 and 126: ÙÔÓ ŸÌËÚÔÓ, Î·È ‰È¿
- Page 127 and 128: Ó· ÙÔ Î¿ÓÂÈ.» (ª. ·Ì·
- Page 129 and 130: Ûapple¿ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂΉÈÎ
- Page 131 and 132: Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÁÔ˘ ÙÔ˘
- Page 133 and 134: ÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔ Ù˘appleÈÎfi Û¯
- Page 135 and 136: ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÌ· Ù· ‚Ú·¯Èfi
- Page 137 and 138: Î·È ‚·ı‡ÙÂÚÔÈ, ‹ Û
- Page 139 and 140: °. ∂π∏ª∞¡∂π ÛÙȘ
- Page 141 and 142: ŒÎÙÔÚ· Î·È ÙÔ Á¤ÚÔÓ
- Page 143 and 144: °È· Ï›Á˜ ÒÚ˜ ÔÈ
- Page 145 and 146: ÛÙ. 725 ÎÈ Â̤Ӓ ·Ê‹
- Page 147 and 148: ∂ο‚Ë (ø 749-760)∞ 749-75
- Page 149 and 150: ÙfiÌ· ÌÔ˘ ÓÔÛÙÈÌfiÙ·
- Page 151 and 152:
Ú·˜ [...] ÎÔÌ›˙ÂÙ·È ·
- Page 153 and 154:
Ó·ÙÔ, ÎÈ ·˜ apple¤Ú·Û·
- Page 155 and 156:
appleÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ì·˜ ηÈ
- Page 157 and 158:
«∞ÊȤڈ̷ ÈÛÙ’ ÛÂ
- Page 159 and 160:
Romilly J. de, «ª·ÁÈο ·Ó