Βιβλίο καθηγητή

Û›· ÛÙÔ Ûapple›ÙÈ Â›Ó·È apple˘Í›‰· ÁÈ· Ó· ÌËÓ «ÍÂÛÙÚ·Ù›ÛÂÈ» ÙÔ Ì¿ıËÌ·. ∆¤ÏÔ˜, Ë Û‡ÓÔ„Ë ÙˆÓ Î‡-ÚÈˆÓ ÛËÌ›ˆÓ, Ë ·ÍÈÔappleÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ apple·Ú¿ÏÏËÏˆÓ ÎÂÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È ÔÈ ‰È·ıÂÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙË-ÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ı· appleÚÔÂÎÙ›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋ ÂÌappleÂÈÚ›· ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ/-ÙÚÈÒÓ Û ‰ËÌÈÔ˘Ú-ÁÈ΋ ÁÚ·Ê‹ Î·È ›Ûˆ˜ Û ÊÈÏ·Ó·ÁÓˆÛ›· ‰È¿ ‚›Ô˘.‚. ∏ Ó¤· ÂÓfiÙËÙ·∞Ú¯Èο ηıÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÛÙfi¯ÔÈ Ù˘ ÂÓfiÙËÙ·˜, Á›ÓÂÙ·È Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË Ì ٷ appleÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ·, ηȷÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Ë apple·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË, Ô ¯ˆÚÈÛÌfi˜ Û ˘appleÔÂÓfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È Ë ÂappleÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ Ì·ı‹-Ì·ÙÔ˜, Ì ÂappleÈÛÙ¤Á·ÛÌ· ¤Ó· Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜.√È ÛÙfi¯ÔÈ ÌappleÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ıÔÈ:∂appleȉÈÒÎÂÙ·È ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜/-ÙÚȘ:ñ N· ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÔ˘Ó Ù· ÛÙÂÚÂÔÙ˘appleÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ıÚ‹ÓÔ˘˜, Ó· ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ó‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈο Î·È Ó· ·ÓÙÈÏËÊıÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ Û˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈÎfi, ıÚËÛ΢ÙÈÎfi Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfiÙÔ˘˜ ÚfiÏÔ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙË Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔÓ ÙÈÌÒÌÂÓÔ ÓÂÎÚfi.ñ N· ηٷÓÔ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ·Í›Â˜, Ù· Ù·ÊÈο ¤ıÈÌ· Î·È ÙÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÙÔ˘˜ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ ÈÛÙÔ-ÚÈÎfi, ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎfi Î·È appleÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfi appleÏ·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ÂappleÔ¯‹˜.ñ N· ·Ó·‰Â›ÍÔ˘Ó Î·È Ó· Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔappleÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙË Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ı·Ó¿ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ŒÎÙÔÚ· Ì ÙËӿψÛË Ù˘ ∆ÚÔ›·˜ Î·È Ì ÙÔ ÈÏÈ·‰ÈÎfi ¤appleÔ˜, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ó· ηٷÓÔ‹ÛÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ÙÔ ¤appleÔ˜ ÙÂ-ÏÂÈÒÓÂÈ Ì ÙÔ ı¿Ó·ÙÔ ÙÔ˘ ŒÎÙÔÚ·, ηıÒ˜ apple·›ÚÓÂÈ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Î·È Ë µÉνις ÙÔ˘ ∞¯ÈÏϤ·, ·Ï-Ï¿ ‰ÂÓ ÙÂÏÂÈÒÓÂÈ Ô ∆ÚˆÈÎfi˜ applefiÏÂÌÔ˜, ·appleÏÒ˜ appleÚÔÔȈӛ˙ÂÙ·È Ë ¿ÏˆÛË Ù˘ ∆ÚÔ›·˜.‡Ó‰ÂÛË Ì ٷ appleÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ·:∞Ú¯Èο, Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ë Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË Ì fiÛ· appleÚÔËÁ‹ıËηÓ, appleÔ˘ ÌappleÔÚ› Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰Ôı› Î·È ˆ˜ ÂÚ-Á·Û›Â˜, fiappleˆ˜ ›ӷÈ: Ô ÚfiÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∂ÚÌ‹ ÁÈ· ÙË ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÎÚÔ‡ ŒÎÙÔÚ· ÛÙȘ ηÈ-¤˜ ‡Ï˜ Î·È ÔÌÔÈfiÙËÙ· Ì ÙËÓ Ù·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚappleˉfiÓ·, Ô appleÚÒÙÔ˜ ıÚ‹ÓÔ˜ ÙˆÓ Á˘Ó·ÈÎÒÓ,appleÔ˘ ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ Ì ÙÔ ıÚ‹ÓÔ Ù˘ Ì¿Ó·˜ ∂ο‚˘, Ë „‡¯Ú·ÈÌË ÛÙ¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ú›·ÌÔ˘ —¤¯ÂÈ appleÚÔË-ÁËı› Ô ıÚ‹ÓÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË ÛÎËÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞¯ÈÏϤ·—, o ÓÂÎÚÒÛÈÌÔ˜ «ÓfiÛÙÔ˜» (ÓfiÛÙÔ˜-ı¿Ó·ÙÔ˜)ÙÔ˘ ŒÎÙÔÚ· Î·È Ë ÂÓ·applefiıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÎÚÔ‡ ÛÙÔ apple·Ï¿ÙÈ (ÂÈηÛÙÈΤ˜ ÏÂappleÙÔ̤ÚÂȘ, ·Í›Â˜).·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ ÂÓfiÙËÙ·˜:∏ Ó¤· ÂÓfiÙËÙ· apple·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÓˆÛË ·applefi ÙÔÓ/ÙËÓ Î·ıËÁËÙ‹/-ÙÚÈ· ‹ ÛÂ Û˘Ó-‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ·Ó¿ÁÓˆÛË Î·È ·applefi Ì·ıËÙ¤˜/-ÙÚȘ, ηıÒ˜ ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÌ·ÛÙ ÛÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· Ú·-„ˆ‰›·. °›ÓÂÙ·È Ë ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË Ù˘ ·ÓÙ·applefiÎÚÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Ì ÂÚˆÙ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È Î·Ù·-ÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ apple›Ó·Î· ÙÔ ‚·ÛÈÎfi ı¤Ì· Ù˘ Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋˜ ÂÓfiÙËÙ·˜, appleÔ˘ ›ӷÈ: «∏ appleÚfiıÂÛËÙÔ˘ ÓÂÎÚÔ‡ ŒÎÙÔÚ· ÛÙÔ apple·Ï¿ÙÈ, ÔÈ ıÚ‹ÓÔÈ Î·È Ë Ù·Ê‹». ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·Ê‹ÓÔÓÙ·È 6’-8’ ÁÈ· Ó· ÔÈÎÂȈıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ, Ó· ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ó Ù· Û¯fiÏÈ· Î·È Ó· ˘appleÔ-ÁÚ·ÌÌ›ÛÔ˘Ó Î¿appleÔÈ· ÛÙÔȯ›· appleÔ˘ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ó Ó· Û˘˙ËÙËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ Ù¿ÍË. ŒÙÛÈ, Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ô ¯ˆ-ÚÈÛÌfi˜ Û ˘appleÔÂÓfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ Ë ÂÚÌËÓ¢ÙÈ΋ appleÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË Î·Ù¿ ˘appleÔÂÓfiÙËÙ· ·applefi ÙȘÂÚˆÙ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È apple·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ/-ÙÚÈÒÓ.∏ appleÚÔ˜ ÌÂϤÙË ÂÓfiÙËÙ· ÌappleÔÚ› Ó· ¯ˆÚÈÛÙ› Û ٤ÛÛÂÚȘ ˘appleÔÂÓfiÙËÙ˜ Û‡Ìʈӷ ÌÂÙÔ˘˜ appleÏ·ÁÈfiÙÈÙÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÌÔÓˆ‰›Â˜-ıÚ‹ÓÔ˘˜, fiappleˆ˜:1. ∏ appleÚfiıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÎÚÔ‡ Î·È Ô ıÚ‹ÓÔ˜ Ù˘ ∞Ó‰ÚÔÌ¿¯Ë˜ (ÛÙ. 723-745).24