Βιβλίο καθηγητή

apple¿Óˆ ·applefi ÙÔ apple‰›Ô Ù˘ Ì¿¯Ë˜ Î·È ÂÛÙÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ appleÚÔÛÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÏÏÔÙ ÛÙËÓ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ÎÏ›-̷η˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ·, ¿ÏÏÔÙ ÛÙË ÏÂappleÙÔ̤ÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ÌÈ·˜ ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›·˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË, ÁÈ· Ó· apple·-ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÂÈ ÌÈ· ˙ˆÓÙ·Ó‹ Î·È appleÔÈΛÏË ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ appleÔÚ›·˜ Ù˘ Ì¿¯Ë˜.√È ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›Â˜, ÔÈ appleÚ·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ÛÒÌ· Ì ÛÒÌ· Û˘ÁÎÚÔ‡ÛÂȘ ‰‡Ô ‹ appleÂÚÈÛÛÔÙ¤ÚˆÓ appleÔ-ÏÂÌÈÛÙÒÓ, ÙÂÏÂÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ· Î·È Â›Ó·È appleÔχ appleÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ Û Îϛ̷η, Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ‰ÂÓ˘appleÂÚ‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ‰‡Ô ‹ ÙÚÂȘ ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ‚ÔÏÒÓ. […]√È Û‡ÓÙÔ̘ ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›Â˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔappleÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È apple¿ÓÙÔÙ Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏË appleÔÈÎÈÏ›· Ù¯ÓÈÎÒÓ appleÂ-ÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹˜. ŸÙ·Ó ¤Ó·˜ ·applefi ÙÔ˘˜ appleÔÏÂÌÈÛÙ¤˜ ÛÎÔÙÒÓÂÙ·È, Ô appleÔÈËÙ‹˜ Ì¿˜ ϤÂÈ Î¿ÙÈ ÁÈ’ ·˘-ÙfiÓ Î·È ÙË ÛËÌ·Û›· appleÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Ô ı¿Ó·Ùfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘Ø ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÙÚ·˘Ì·Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·ÈÎ·È ÙÔ˘˜ ‚ÔËıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ Ê›ÏÔÈ ÙÔ˘˜Ø ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· οappleÔÈÔ˜ ‹Úˆ·˜ Û·ÚÒÓÂÈ fi,ÙÈ ‚ÚÂı›ÌappleÚÔÛÙ¿ ÙÔ˘, Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ Ì ÙË ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ· ÂÓfi˜ ıÂÔ‡, apple.¯. Ô ¢ÈÔÌ‹‰Ë˜ ÛÙȘ Ú·„ˆ‰›Â˜ ∂ ηÈ∑Ø Ë appleÚÔÛÔ¯‹ ÌÂÙ·ÙÔapple›˙ÂÙ·È ·applefi ÙÔ˘˜ ŒÏÏËÓ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ∆ÚÒ˜ Î·È ·ÓÙÈÛÙÚfiʈ˜Ø ˘apple¿Ú-¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÛÙ›¯ˆÓ Ì ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ Î·È ÌÂٷ͇ ·ÓÙÈapple¿ÏˆÓ (ÔÈ appleÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· Ì¿¯Ë,ÔÈ Î·˘¯ËÛÈÔÏÔÁ›Â˜ apple¿Óˆ ·applefi ÙÔ ı‡Ì·) Î·È ÌÂٷ͇ Û˘ÓÙÚfiÊˆÓ (apple·Ú·ÈÓ¤ÛÂȘ, Û˘ÛΤ„ÂȘ,ηÙËÁÔڛ˜, ÂappleÈÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ ‚ÔËı›·˜)Ø ˘apple¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÁÂÓÈΤ˜ appleÂÚÈÁڷʤ˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÈÓ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓÛÙÚ·ÙÒÓ, ‰È·ÓıÈṲ̂Ó˜ Ì apple·ÚÔÌÔÈÒÛÂÈ˜Ø Î·È Ê˘ÛÈο ÔÈ ıÂÔ› Û˘Ó¯Ҙ apple·ÚÂÌ‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó Î·ÈË ÛÎËÓ‹ ÛÙ·ıÂÚ¿ ÌÂÙ·ÙÔapple›˙ÂÙ·È ·applefi ÙË Û‡ÁÎÚÔ˘ÛË ÛÙÔ apple‰›Ô Ù˘ Ì¿¯Ë˜ ÛÙË ‰È·Ì¿¯ËÂapple¿Óˆ ÛÙÔÓ ŸÏ˘ÌappleÔ.» (Edwards M.W., ÛÂÏ. 105-106)µ. «√È ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›Â˜ ·appleÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Ù˘appleÈΤ˜ ÛÎËÓ¤˜ ÛÙËÓ πÏÈ¿‰·: ÛÙ·Ì·Ù¿ Ë êθρόα •σµίνη,ÔÈ ·ÓÙ›apple·ÏÔÈ ÛÙÚ·ÙÔ› ·appleÔı¤ÙÔ˘Ó Ù· fiappleÏ· ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È ı·٤˜ ÙËÓ ÒÚ· appleÔ˘ ‰‡Ô¤ÍÔ¯ÔÈ (¤Ó·˜ ·applefi ÙÔ Î¿ı ÛÙÚ·Ùfiapple‰Ô) ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯Ô‡Ó “̤¯ÚÈ ı·Ó¿ÙÔ˘”. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· ˘appleÔ-ÛÙËÚ›¯ıËΠfiÙÈ appleÂÚÈÁڷʤ˜ ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÒÓ ˘apple‹ÚÍ·Ó ÔÈ appleÚÒÙÔÈ apple˘Ú‹Ó˜ Ù˘ ÂappleÈ΋˜ appleÔ›ËÛ˘.ÙËÓ πÏÈ¿‰· ¤¯Ô˘Ì ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÛÎËÓ¤˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ Ù‡appleÔ˘, appleÈÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ ÙȘ ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›Â˜:ªÂÓ¤Ï·Ô˘ – ¿ÚË (° 310-382), ¢ÈÔÌ‹‰Ë – ∞ÈÓ›· (∂ 166-318), ∞›·ÓÙ· – ŒÎÙÔÚ· (‰‡Ô:∏ 161-322 Î·È • 402-439) Î·È ∞¯ÈÏϤ· – ŒÎÙÔÚ· ÛÙÔ Ã. ∂Í¿ÏÏÔ˘ Ù· apple·È‰È¿ ÌappleÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó·ı˘ÌËıÔ‡Ó ÙË ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›· ¢·‚›‰ – °ÔÏÈ¿ı, ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›Â˜ ÛÙÔÓ ·ÎÚÈÙÈÎfi Î·È ÎϤÊÙÈÎÔ ÂappleÈ-Îfi ·ÎÏÔ, Î·È Ó· ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ì ÙË ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›· ∂ÚˆÙfiÎÚÈÙÔ˘ – ÕÚÈÛÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ¢’‚È‚Ï›Ô ÙÔ˘ ∂ÚˆÙfiÎÚÈÙÔ˘. ∫·È ÌÈ· ÂÚÒÙËÛË ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜: ªappleÔÚ› Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ì ·Ó¿ÏÔÁËÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›· Û’ ¤Ó· Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ applefiÏÂÌÔ;» (apple˘ÚfiappleÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ∏.., «ŒÎÙÔÚÔ˜…», ÛÂÏ. 394).2. ŒÎÙÔÚÔ˜ Î·È ∞›·ÓÙÔ˜ ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›·«∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Ô “·ÁÒÓ ÏfiÁˆÓ”, Ù˘appleÈÎfi ÌÔÙ›‚Ô ÛÙȘ ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›Â˜. ∂Í¿ÏÏÔ˘ Ô ÂÎÊÔ‚ÈÛÌfi˜ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÙÈapple¿ÏÔ˘ Ì ·appleÂÈÏËÙÈΤ˜ ÂÎÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ÊˆÓ¤˜ (ηÌÈ¿ ÊÔÚ¿ Î·È ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ Ë¯ËÙÈÎfi‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ Ï¤ÍÂˆÓ —¿Û¯ÂÙ· ·applefi ÙÔ appleÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ— ʤÚÓÂÈ ·appleÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·, apple.¯. ÛÙÔ ∂ 443 Ô¢ÈÔÌ‹‰Ë˜ ˘appleÔ¯ˆÚ› “τυτθeν çπίσσω”, ‡ÛÙÂÚ· ·applefi ÙÔ “φράζεο, Τυδεΐδη, καd χάζεο” ÙÔ˘ÕÚË, appleÔ˘ Ô ŸÌËÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÈ “δεινa ïµοκλήσας”, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ “‰ÂÈÓfiÓ” ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ìfi-ÓÔ ÛÙËÓ apple·Ú‹¯ËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜) Â›Ó·È ÎÔÈÓfi˜ Ù‡appleÔ˜ Û apple·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ˜ ÂappleÔ¯¤˜Ø ·˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔÈ‹-ÛÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ appleÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›· ÂıÓÔÏfiÁˆÓ fiÙÈ Û˘ÁÎÚÔ‡ÛÂȘ appleÔÏÂÌÈΤ˜ appleÚˆÙÔÁfiÓˆÓ ÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È·applefi ÙÔ appleÔÈÔ˜ ı· οÓÂÈ (Ì ʈӤ˜ Î·È ¯Ù˘apple‹Ì·Ù·) appleÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ıfiÚ˘‚Ô ·applefi ÙÔÓ ¿ÏÏÔ,appleÔ˘ ÁÈ’ ·˘ÙfiÓ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ÙÔ ÏfiÁÔ ÙÚ¤appleÂÙ·È ÛÂ Ê˘Á‹. ∂‰Ò Ô ∞›·˜ Ì ÂÏ·ÊÚ‹ ÂÈÚˆÓ›· ‰Â›-¯ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ŒÎÙÔÚ· Û ÙÈ ‰ÂÈÓ‹ ı¤ÛË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î·È, ·ÊÔ‡ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÈ ÙÚfiappleÔ Ó· Û˘ÁÎÚÈı› ÌÂ95