Βιβλίο καθηγητή

ÔÌËÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ Û˘ÓËı›Û·Ì ӷ ˙ËÙԇ̠ے ·˘Ù¤˜ ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ÙˆÓ ‰Ë-ÌÔÙÈÎÒÓ Ì·˜ ÙÚ·ÁÔ˘‰ÈÒÓ. ÕÏÏÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ˘Ï¿ ÛÙȘ ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘. ‰ڿÛË Ô ‰ÂηappleÂÓÙ·Û‡ÏÏ·‚Ô˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ÂÓÙÂÏÒ˜ ·apple·ÏÏ·Á̤ÓÔ˜ ·applefi ÙËÓ Âapple›‰Ú·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰Ë-ÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Ì·˜ ÙÚ·ÁÔ˘‰ÈÔ‡. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, apple·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÈ· Û˘ÓÂȉËÙ‹ appleÚÔÛapple¿ıÂÈ· Ó· Êı¿ÛÂÈÙËÓ ÌÂÁ·ÏÔappleÚ¤appleÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘. ∂›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfiÓ fiÙÈ ÔÈ appleÔÈËÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁË̤Ó˜ Î·È ·applefi ÙÔ˘˜ appleÈÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÍÈÔÙ¤¯Ó˜, ¤ÌappleÂÈÚÔ˘˜ Î·È ÂÌappleÓ¢Ṳ̂ÓÔ˘˜ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ·ÛÙ¤˜ Î·È fiÛÔ ¿ÚÈÛÙ˜ Î·È ·Ó ›ӷÈ, ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·applefi ÙÔ˘˜ ÂȉÈÎÔ‡˜ Û·Ó ÌÈ· ȯÓÔ-ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ·ÓÙÈÁÚ·Ê‹. ∆Ô ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ·ÛÙÔ‡ ›ӷÈ, appleÚ¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ, ¿¯·ÚÔ.·Ú’ fiϘ ÙȘ apple·Ú·apple¿Óˆ ·Ù¤ÏÂȘ Î·È ÁÂÓÈο ‰˘ÛÌÂÓ›˜ ‰È·appleÈÛÙÒÛÂȘ, ÔÈ ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ¿-ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ˘Ï¿, πÏÈ¿‰Ô˜ Î·È √‰˘ÛÛ›·˜, ÂÌappleÓ¤Ô˘Ó appleÚ·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfi ı·˘Ì·ÛÌfi Î·È ·›ÛıË-Ì· Û‚·ÛÌÔ‡ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁÔ Ì’ ÂΛÓÔ appleÔ˘ ÂÌappleÓ¤ÂÈ ÙÔ appleÚˆÙfiÙ˘appleÔ. ¢ÂÓ appleÚ¤appleÂÈ Ó· apple·Ú·ÁÓˆ-Ú›˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜, fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ˘Ï¿ ¤Î·Ì·Ó ÙÔÓ ŸÌËÚÔ apple¿ÁÎÔÈÓÔ „˘-¯·ÁˆÁÈÎfi ·Ó¿ÁÓˆÛÌ·, appleÔ˘ ÌÂÙ·‰›‰ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ „˘¯‹ Ì·˜ ÙËÓ ˙ˆ‹ Î·È ÙÔ appleÓ‡̷ ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯·›-Ô˘ appleÚˆÙÔÙ‡appleÔ˘, ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi Î·È appleÔχ ÂÓˆÚ›˜ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ (1884) Ë, ηْ ·appleÔÛapple¿ÛÌ·Ù· ÛÙËÓ ·Ú-¯‹, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔ›ËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· Û¯ÔÏÈο ·Ó·ÁÓÒÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ÙÔȯÂÈÒ‰Ô˘˜ ∂Îapple·È‰Â‡Ûˆ˜ ηÈ̤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÛÙ· °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈ·.»(√Ì‹ÚÔ˘ πÏÈ¿‰·, ∫›ÌÂÓÔ-ªÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË π. ÔÏ˘Ï¿˜, ∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ Î·È Û¯fiÏÈ· ∆. ÙÂÊ·Ó¿Î˘,∂ΉfiÛÂȘ °ÎÔ‚fiÛÙË, ∞ı‹Ó· ¯.¯., ÙfiÌÔ˜ 2Ô˜, ÛÂÏ. 5-9)µ. ∞ƒ∞∆∏ƒ∏∂π Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙË ª∂£√¢√ ¢π¢∞∫∞§π∞Ù˘ ∞Ú¯·›·˜ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ °Ú·ÌÌ·Ù›·˜ ·applefi ÌÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛËÙȘ Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ .π. ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· ÙˆÓ ÊÈÏÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ì·ıËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ÛË-ÌÂÈÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÍ‹˜:ñ µ·ÛÈ΋ appleÚÔ¸applefiıÂÛË Âapple›Ù¢Í˘ ÙˆÓ ÛÎÔappleÒÓ (ÙÔ˘ Ì·ı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜) Â›Ó·È Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡-ÓÙ·È ÂΛӘ ÔÈ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ Ì¿ıËÛ˘ appleÔ˘ ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÓÂÚÁËÙÈ΋, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈÎ‹Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ÛÙË ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·. ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜, appleÚ¤appleÂÈ Ó· ·appleÔʇ-ÁÂÙ·È Ô ¿ÌÂÛÔ˜ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÛÌfi˜, ÒÛÙÂ Ô appleÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ appleÔ˘ appleÚÔ·appleÙÂÈ ·applefi ÙÔ Î›ÌÂ-ÓÔ (appleÚfi‚ÏËÌ· – Û˘˙‹ÙËÛË – ÎÚÈÙÈ΋) Ó· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÂÈ ¤ÌÌÂÛ·, fi¯È ‰ÂÔÓÙÔÏÔÁÈο, ÛÙÔappleÓ‡̷ Î·È ÛÙȘ „˘¯¤˜ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ.ñ ∏ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔappleÔÈÂ›Ù·È ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÂÈ·Îfi ›‰Ô˜, ÙÔ Û˘Á-Áڷʤ· Î·È ÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ.ñ ∏ ÂappleȉȈÎfiÌÂÓË ÂappleÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Ì ÙÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ appleÚ¤appleÂÈ Ó· ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙˉÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË Ù˘ Ô˘Û›·˜ ÙÔ˘ appleÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ (ÙˆÓ appleÚÔÛÒappleˆÓ Ì ÙȘ ÛΤ„ÂȘ, Ù· Û˘Ó·È-Ûı‹Ì·Ù·, ÙË ÛÙ¿ÛË Î·È ÙË Û˘ÌappleÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜, ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ì ÙȘ ·Èٛ˜ ‰ËÌÈ-Ô˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙȘ Û˘Ó¤appleÂȤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜, ÙˆÓ ·ÍÈÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ È‰ÂÒÓ ÎÙÏ.) Î·È Ù˘ ηÏÏÈ-Ù¯ÓÈ΋˜ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ (ÙˆÓ ÂÎÊÚ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÚfiappleˆÓ, Ù˘ ·ÊËÁËÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ Î·È appleÂÚÈÁÚ·ÊÈ΋˜ Ù¤-¯Ó˘-Ù¯ÓÈ΋˜ ÎÙÏ.), Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÛÙË Û‡˙¢͋ ÙÔ˘˜.ñ ∏ ÂÚÌËÓ¢ÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë fiÙÈ ÙÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ ·appleÔÙÂÏ› ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ-Îfi Û‡ÓÔÏÔ, ÙÔ˘ ÔappleÔ›Ô˘ Ù· ̤ÚË ÊˆÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÂÚÌËÓ‡ÔÓÙ·È ·ÌÔÈ‚·›·. ŒÙÛÈ, ÍÂÎÈ-Ó¿ÂÈ ·applefi ÌÈ· Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ ıÂÒÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘, ÂappleÈÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ Ù· ıÂÌ·ÙÈο ΤÓÙÚ· ηÈ11