Βιβλίο καθηγητή

ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÌ· Ù· ‚Ú·¯ÈfiÏÈ· Î·È Ù· ‰·¯Ù˘Ï›‰È·.∫·È ̘ ÛÙÔÓ Ô‰˘ÚÌfi Ù˘ Ù· apple·ÏË¿ ı˘Ì‹ıËØÎ·È ÚÒÙËÛ ÙÈ ¤Î·ÌÓÂ Ô ÛÔÊfi˜ ∞applefiÏψÓ,appleÔ‡ Á‡ÚÈ˙ÂÓ Ô appleÔÈËÙ‹˜ appleÔ˘ ÛÙ· ÙÚ·apple¤˙È·¤ÍÔ¯· ÔÌÈÏ›, appleÔ‡ Á‡ÚÈ˙Â Ô appleÚÔÊ‹Ù˘fiÙ·Ó ÙÔÓ ˘Èfi Ù˘ ÛÎfiÙˆÓ·Ó ÛÙ· appleÚÒÙ· ÓÂÈ¿Ù·.∫È ÔÈ Á¤ÚÔÈ ÙËÓ ·apple‹ÓÙËÛ·Ó appleˆ˜ Ô ∞applefiÏψӷ˘Ùfi˜ Ô ›‰ÈÔ˜ Âη٤‚ËΠÛÙËÓ ∆ÚÔ›·,Î·È Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ∆ÚÒ·˜ ÛÎfiÙˆÛ ÙÔÓ ∞¯ÈÏϤ·.(∫.. ∫·‚¿Ê˘, «∞appleÈÛÙ›·», Õapple·ÓÙ· ÔÈËÙÈο,ÂΉ. ⁄„ÈÏÔÓ, ∞ı‹Ó· 1999, ÛÂÏ. 32-33)∂. ∫∂πª∂¡∞ ∞√ ∆∏ µπµ§π√°ƒ∞ºπ∞1. ∏ ÌÔÓÔÌ·¯›· ∞¯ÈÏϤ· Î·È ŒÎÙÔÚ· – √ ÚfiÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ∞ıËÓ¿˜«∆Ô ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô appleÔ˘ ¯·Ú›˙ÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ·ÁÒÓ· ÙËÓ ·Û‡ÁÎÚÈÙË ÛappleÔ˘‰·ÈfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘ ›ӷÈË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ∞ıËÓ¿˜. ¢ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‚¤‚·È· ·Û˘Ó‹ıÈÛÙÔ ÛÙËÓ πÏÈ¿‰· ÔÈ ıÂÔ› Ó· apple·Ú·-ÛÙ¤ÎÔÓÙ·È ‹ Ó· ÂÓ·ÓÙÈÒÓÔÓÙ·È Û ¤Ó·Ó ‹Úˆ·: ÙÔ appleÚÒÙÔ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ¢ÈÔÌ‹‰Ë Ì ÙËÓ∞ıËÓ¿ (∂ 793 ÎÎ.), Î·È ÙÔ ¿ÏÏÔ ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÙÚÔÎÏÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ∞applefiÏψӷ ( 788 ÎÎ.). Ô˘ıÂ-Ó¿ ·ÏÏÔ‡ fï˜ Ë ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÙfiÛÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË fiÛÔ Â‰Ò, appleÔ˘ıÂÓ¿ Ë apple·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÌÈ·˜ ıÂ-˚΋˜ ‰‡Ó·Ì˘ ‰ÂÓ ÂappleÂÓÂÚÁ› ÙfiÛÔ ‚·ıÈ¿ ÛÙ· fiÛ· Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó. ªÂ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiappleÔ Ë ÌÔ-ÓÔÌ·¯›· apple·›ÚÓÂÈ ÙÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· appleÔ˘ ۯ‰ȿ˙ÂÈ Ó· Ù˘ ‰ÒÛÂÈ Ô appleÔÈËÙ‹˜: fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ appleÔÏÂ-ÌÈ΋ Û‡ÁÎÚÔ˘ÛË Î·È ÂΉÈÎËÙÈ΋ appleÚ¿ÍË, ·ÏÏ¿ ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÒÚ· appleÚ·ÁÌ·ÙÔappleÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·-applefiÊ¢ÎÙÔ˘, fiappleˆ˜ ÙÔ Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔappleÔÈ‹Û·Ì ÛÙË ÛÎËÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ˙˘ÁÈ¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ apple¿Óˆ ÛÙÔÓ ŸÏ˘-ÌappleÔ. […]ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ fï˜ Ì·˜ ÍÂÓ›˙ÂÈ Ë ·apple¿ÙË Ù˘ ∞ıËÓ¿˜. ∆ËÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÎÚ›ÓÂÈ ·Ó‹ıÈÎË, ·Îfi-ÌË Î·È ‰È·‚ÔÏÈÎ‹Ø Î·È ·Ó Ô ÓÔ˘˜ Ì·˜ ‡ÎÔÏ· apple›ıÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ·˘Ù¿ appleÔ˘ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó Â‰Ò ‰ÂÓappleÚ¤appleÂÈ Ó· ÎÚÈıÔ‡Ó Ì ÁÓÒÌÔÓ· ÙËÓ ËıÈ΋, ÔappleˆÛ‰‹appleÔÙ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ¢fiÌ·ÛÙ ӷ Û˘ÏÏ¿‚Ô˘ÌÂÌÈ· ¤ÓÓÔÈ· ÙÔ˘ ı›Ԣ appleÔ˘ ı· ÌappleÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ηı·ÁÈ¿ÛÂÈ ÌÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ·apple¿ÙË. ŒÙÛÈ ‰ÂÓ ¤ÏÂÈ-„·Ó Î·È ÔÈ appleÚÔÛapple¿ıÂȘ Ó· Ûˆı› Ë ÙÈÌ‹ Ù˘ ı¿˜ Ì ÙÔ Ó· ˘appleÔÛÙËÚȯÙ› Ï›ÁÔ appleÔχ Ô ‰È·-¯ˆÚÈÛÌfi˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· fiÛ· οÓÂÈ ˆ˜ ı¿ Î·È ÛÙ· fiÛ· οÓÂÈ ˘appleËÚÂÙÒÓÙ·˜ ÌÈ· ·ÓÒÙÂ-ÚË ·Ó·ÁηÈfiÙËÙ·: ‘‘·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ù˘ ÌÔ›Ú·˜’’ ÂÍ·apple·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ ŒÎÙÔÚ·, ‘‘ˆ˜ ı¿’’fï˜ ‰›ÓÂÈ Ù¤ÚÌ· ÛÙËÓ Ù·apple›ӈÛË Ù˘ Ê˘Á‹˜ Î·È ÙÔÓ ‚ÔËı¿ Ó· ·Ó·ÎÙ‹ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹ ÙÔ˘.°ÔËÙ¢ÙÈ΋ ıˆڛ·, ÌfiÓÔ appleÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ Û˘Ì‚È‚¿˙ÂÙ·È Ì ٷ ÏfiÁÈ· ÙÔ˘ √Ì‹ÚÔ˘! ˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ,ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹ ÙÔ˘, fiappleˆ˜ ı· ‰Ô‡ÌÂ, Ô ŒÎÙÔÚ·˜ ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÎÙ¿ ÌfiÓÔ˜ ÙÔ˘. ∏ ı¿ ·appleÏÒ˜ ÙÔÓ apple·-Áȉ‡ÂÈ Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏË appleÔÓËÚÈ¿, ÁÈ· Ó· ÙÔÓ Ê¤ÚÂÈ ·Ó˘appleÂÚ¿ÛappleÈÛÙÔ ÌappleÚÔÛÙ¿ ÛÙË ÏfiÁ¯Ë ÙԢ¢ÓÔÔ˘Ì¤ÓÔ˘ Ù˘, Î·È ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Î·ıfiÏÔ˘ ηχÙÂÚË ·applefi ÙÔÓ ÕÚË, appleÔ˘ ÍÂ-ۋΈÛ ÙÔÓ ªÂӤϷÔ, ÁÈ· Ó· ‚ÚÂÈ ÙÔ ı¿Ó·ÙÔ ·applefi ÙÔ ¯¤ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÈÓ›· (∂ 563). ∫·È ‰ÂÓappleÚÔ¯ˆÚ› Û ·ÎfiÌË ¯ÂÈÚfiÙÂÚ˜ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ, ‰ÂÓ ÙÔÓ apple·Ú·Ï‡ÂÈ, fiappleˆ˜ Ô ÔÛÂȉÒÓ·˜ ÙÔÓ ∞Ï-οıÔÔ (¡ 434 ÎÎ.), ‰ÂÓ ÙÔÓ ¯Ù˘apple¿ appleÈÛÒappleÏ·Ù·, fiappleˆ˜ Ô ∞applefiÏψӷ˜ ÙÔÓ ¿ÙÚÔÎÏÔ (791), ÌfiÓÔ Î·È ÌfiÓÔ ÁÈ· Ó· apple·Ú·‰ÒÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ Â¯ıÚfi ÛÙÔÓ ∞¯ÈÏϤ·, Î·È fi¯È ·applefi οappleÔÈÔ ÛÂ-135