Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Renewable ... - EGEC

5Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Renewable Heating & CoolingRHC applications to industrial processesRenewableHeating & CoolingEuropean Technology Platform5.1 Description of demand characteristics1000Heat consumption for industrial processes represents a significant share of the totalDomestic (12 kWannual heat demand in the EU 54 th ). The IEA estimates that in Europe in 2010 heat demandfor industrial processes was 165 Mtoe 55 . The vast majority of this energy is produced by800Small commercial (100-200 kW th )the combustion of fossil fuels, with a huge impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions.Capital costs biomass heat plants EUR/kWLarge commercial (350-1,500 kW th )Industrial heat demand varies by temperature levels, sectors, countries, and energy600supply, since many different industrial processes appear and the Small energy industry supply (100-1,000 can kW th ) differfrom country to country due to local conditions. Three different temperature levels are usedhere for describing the quality of the demand for heat to be used in Large various industry industries:(350-5,000 kW400th )• Low temperature level is defined as up to 95°C, corresponding to the typical heatdemands for space heating. According to the study Ecoheatcool (2006), around 30% of totalindustrial heat demand is required at temperatures below 100°C Low temperature heat200is needed for 2008 industrial 2010 2012 processes 2014 2016 like washing, 2018 2020rinsing, 2022 and food preparation. Some heatis also used for space heating and on-site hot water preparation.• Temperatures between 95ºC and 250ºC are defined “medium”. This heat is normally suppliedthrough steam. The purpose is often to evaporate or to dry. The Ecoheatcool studyshows that 27% industrial heat demand is for temperatures between 100°C and 400°C,which includes the classifications “medium-” and “high-temperature” heat.• Temperatures 25 over 250ºC are “high” and needed for the manufacture of metals,ceramics, and glass etc. Temperatures above 400°C can be created by using hot flue gases,electric 20 induction, or other combustion processes.2010 202015Figure 30 provides a view of the distribution of industrial heat demand by temperaturelevels in 10 Europe, as estimated by the IEA 56 . The graph also shows the expected trend of heatdemand until 2050, assuming efficiency gains could be realised in each of these realms 57 .5Figure 31 illustrates the breakdown of heat consumption by industry and by temperaturelevels as 0 identified by the Ecoheatcool. Different renewable energy technologies can8-166-124-94-94-9provide heat EUR/GJ at Low and EUR/GJ Medium temperature EUR/GJ EUR/GJ levels, as summarised EUR/GJ in Figure 32.In the short term, Domestic few renewable Small commercial energy Large commercial technologies, Small industry such as Large biogas, industry can provide heatat temperatures above 250 (100-200 ºC at costs kW) competitive (350 - 1,500 kW) with (100 fossil - 1,000 kW) fuel alternatives. (350 - 5,000kW) In future, hightemperature solar thermal collectors and deep geothermal technology may effectively supplythese needs. Strategic research priorities for high temperature renewable heat supply aretherefore presented in the following Sections of this Chapter.EUR cent/kWh%2520151050Temperature60%Mtoe100806040202010Mtoe20015010050High temperatureheat (>400˚C)Medium temperatureheat (100˚C - 400˚C)High temperatureheat (