Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Renewable ... - EGEC

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6Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Renewable Heating & CoolingDistrict Heating and CoolingCCT.18ObjectiveBooster Heat Pump for DHCThis topic aims mainly at the demonstration of electrically driven industrial heat pumps in districtheating and cooling networks. Heat pumps are used to upgrade heat from low temperaturesources (e.g. low temperature industrial waste heat below 80 °C or waste water) to temperatureshigh enough for direct use in a DH network.R&D topics to be addressed comprise:• classification of networks (temperature levels, time-based energy demand, etc.),• integration of industrial heat pumps (control and hydraulic design),• impact of heat pumps on existing networks (dynamic behaviour)• use of the return flow from the DH network as heat sourceState-of-the art First prototypes of compression heat pumps with evaporating temperatures of up to 40°Cand condensing temperatures of up to 100°C are available but still need to be demonstrated.Targets • 5 lighthouse projects with a capacity of minimum 1 MW th implemented by 2020• Compression heat pump: sCOP 5 or more for a temperature lift of 35K• Energy cost reduction of min. 30%Type of activity20% Research / 30% Development / 50% DemonstrationCCT.19ObjectiveDevelop and roll-out DHC driven white goods 72 and low temperature solutionfor domestic hot water preparationDHC networks can supply a wide variety of household appliances that nowadays produceheat or cold internally with electricity. White goods already exist and are commercially availablebut they are expensive. The cost of these white goods should be reduced by bringing themfrom demonstration to mass production. There is a need for demonstration projects to showthe feasibility of using in-house appliances which directly use thermal energy from the thermaldistrict energy system.The sector should also develop customised solutions for the hygienic supply of domestichot water (DHW) using low supply temperatures that are beneficial for the whole energy system.An evaluation of different possibilities of DHW preparation (e.g. additional heating or directheating without storage) considering the local energy systems framework needs to be made.State-of-the artMost often white goods use electricity to produce thermal energy (heat or cooling). Solutionsexist which use DHW provided through DHC networks for domestic appliances. 73 If the buildingis connected to the local thermal district energy network, it is much more efficient and moreenvironmentally friendly to directly use thermal energy delivered by the network.DHW today must be stored and supplied at temperatures over 60°C in order to avoid thedevelopment of bacteria (legionella). With the development of low temperature systems,the preparation of DHW in DHC networks should be given appropriate attention to avoidthe development of legionella.TargetsType of activity• Decrease of the electricity consumption of white goods by 50% in household using DHC,and white goods using DHC becoming cost-competitive with traditional ones.• Develop new plug-and-play solutions which allow the operation of DHC at temperaturesbelow 50°C without risk of bacterial infections.50% Development / 50% Demonstration6.4.2 Research and innovation priorities with impact in the Medium and Long TermCCT.20ObjectiveImproved, highly efficient substations for both present and future lowertemperature networksSubstations should become smarter, softer, and cheaper. The following priorities are identified:• Improving in the manufacturing process• Costs reduction• Efficiency gains• Capacity to adapt to changes in the energy demand profile.State-of-the artTargetsType of activityTo reach these objectives, R&D must also look at ways to harmonise substations’ standards,to reduce materials’ cost, to invest in the automation of manufacturing methods and to achievegood performances also at temperatures below 70° C.Substations, namely the heat exchangers, are currently designed for temperatures above 70°C.In low temperature DH networks (below 70 °C), the temperature drop across a heat exchangerwill be decreased. More efficient heat exchangers will be required to maintain or even reducethe costs for the customer.• Reducing heat costs for the costumer by 5% through the use of eco-efficient substations.• Reduce manufacturing cost by 15% compared to current standards.10% Research / 20% Development / 70% Demonstration72This term defines a rangeof household applianceswhich require thermalenergy to perform theirfunction. The most notableexamples are refrigeratorsand washing machines.73Asko Appliances (2013).70
RenewableHeating & CoolingEuropean Technology PlatformCCT.21ObjectiveOptimised integration of renewable energy sources in DHC systems and enhancementof thermal energy storage at system levelFurther research activities are needed to allow DHC networks to efficiently integrate all types ofRES without jeopardising the quality of the service provided to the consumers. In the same way,it is important to explore new synergies between various customer groups with different thermalneeds. The DHC sector must be able to recycle and upgrade all available surplus energy, as wellas any surplus industrial heat.Energy storage is a central component for the introduction of more flexible district and heatingsystems, using variable energy sources with a fluctuating thermal demand. Storage solutionsalready exist for district heating systems but they mainly suit short term storage. There is a needto develop flexible, efficient, multifunctional and cost-effective thermal storage.State-of-the artCurrently DHC networks are mainly based upon few individual heat/cold sources, operatedproportional to the heat/cold demand of the network. For integration of variable supply fromrenewable or industrial surplus sources, the system structure and operational strategy mustbe changed radically.Today’s systems for short-term and seasonal storage use tanks with constant volume.In seasonal storage, especially when two tanks are used (cold and hot tank, or chargedand discharged tank), twice the volume is required.TargetsType of activity• This activity should result in a 30% reduction of heat costs from industrial surplus heat,and 10% reduction of primary energy use.• Demonstrate in at least 5 projects innovative DHC concepts combining multiple RESand different demand profiles.• Reducing energy consumption by 10% by using and optimising distributed energy storagesolutions.• Seasonal cold storage: reach the same efficiency as seasonal heat storage.• For flexible volume tanks: 70% volume occupancy by 2030.• New thermal carrier: 10% more efficient in terms of thermal storage than water.30% Research / 40% Development / 30% DemonstrationResearch and Innovation Priorities Predominant type of activity ImpactCCT.17 Large scale demonstration of Smart Thermal Grids Demonstration By 2020CCT.18 Booster Heat Pump for DHC Demonstration By 2020CCT.19CCT.20CCT.21Develop and roll-out DHC driven white goods and lowtemperature solution for domestic hot water preparationImproved, highly efficient substations for both presentand future lower temperature networksOptimised integration of renewable energy sourcesin DHC systems and enhancement of thermal energystorage at system levelDevelopment / Demonstration By 2020Development By 2030Demonstration By 2030Table 18: research and innovation priorities for DHC technology enabling a higherpenetration of RES71
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