Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Renewable ... - EGEC

602000 2020 2050Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Renewable Heating & CoolingDistrict Heating and Cooling0%Solar DH0.028Geothermal DHBiomass DHDC - Abs. Chillerscosts [EUR/kWh]0.0260.024Tfg = 70˚CTfg = 120˚CTfg = 200˚C0.0220.02035 40 45 50 55 60 65Return flow temperature [˚C]Figure 42: Cost of heat from an active flue gas condensation system in a 10 MW fuel inputdistrict heating plant retrofitted with a 170 kW heat pump for different flue gas temperatures 656.2.1 Research and innovation priorities with impact in the Short TermBIO.11ObjectiveState-of-the-artTargetsCost efficient CHP plants using biomass and biogasMinimising primary energy use for simultaneous power and heat production. Improving returnon investment / competitiveness in comparison with condensing power plants.Investors’ decisions are based on financial considerations. In the electricity sector,environmentally-friendly solutions such as cogeneration compete with condensing power plants.Large-scale cogeneration plants require relatively higher investments.Improving return on investment, increasing efficiency and optimising power-to-heat ratioof CHP plants through:(i) improved biomass fuel quality, new bio-commodities and cost-efficiency in sustainablebiomass fuel production (especially for agro-biomass 66 );(ii) development of alternative technology options (biomass gasification based on gas engines,IGCC or others);(iii) enhancing heat recovery, inter alia, through better management of the summer load andflexible operation schemes;(iv) improving corrosion resistance.Key Performance Indicators:• electricity yield of cogeneration plants above 60% for a total efficiency of 90%;• Payback time for large cogeneration plants below 15 yearsType of activity30% Research / 40% Development / 30% Demonstration6.2.2 Research and innovation priorities with impact in the Medium and Long TermA priority with long term impact is the development of CO 2 -negative bioenergy systems(BIO.12). Bio-CCS (Bioenergy Carbon Capture and Storage) and soil additives from char fractionsor carbonized biomass residues will add to carbon negative heating systems. Reducedresidential heat demand enhances the potential for carbon negative heatingsystems with carbon soil deposition. Currently, a lack of incentives in the ETS is holding backthe development of Bio-CCS projects. Co-firing and bioethanol production arecurrently identified as the most promising options for Bio-CCS which faces the challenge ofbeing cost-effectively deployed in small scale units. Research on this topic shouldinclude the analysis of bioenergy incentive systems in the EU in view of realizing aneconomic assessment for Bio-CCS in co-firing and dedicated biomass combustionsystems. Bio-CCS with chemical looping is identified as very promising technologyfor dedicated biomass units.Research and Innovation Priorities Predominant type of activity ImpactBIO.11 Cost efficient CHP plants using biomass and biogas Development By 2020BIO.12 Development of CO 2 -negative bioenergy systems Research After 2030Table 16: research and innovation priorities for Biomass DHC65Adapted from: HebenstreitB & Höftberger (2012).66The term agro-biomassgenerically identifiesagricultural residues andherbaceous energy crops.66