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606.District Heatingand Cooling
6Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Renewable Heating & CoolingDistrict Heating and CoolingRenewableHeating & CoolingEuropean Technology Platform6 District Heating and CoolingThe fundamental idea behind modern District Heating and Cooling (DHC) is to use local heat,cold and fuel sources that under normal circumstances would be lost or remainunused. District heating, figuratively and literally speaking, provides the pipeline connectingthese local thermal sources with heat demand, thereby reducing energy losses and thetotal volume of primary energy needed in the energy system. It is important to keep in mindthat DHC technologies are suitable for the residential as well as for the non-residentialsector, including industries and therefore advancements in DHC technology are likelyto be beneficial to any type of user and to have positive impact on the energy technologiespresented in the previous Chapters of this publication.As energy for DHC is generally generated centrally and on large scale, it can for instanceintegrate renewable sources that are difficult to manage in small boilers. This includes mostcombustible RES such as wood waste, straw and olive residues, and also waste sources likemunicipal waste and sewage sludge. Various biomass, geothermal, andsolar resources can be effectively integrated into the district heating network by meansof different techniques.25100Domestic (12 kW th )Small commercial (100-200 kW th )2080Large commercial (350-1,500 kW th )%15TWh60Small industry (100-1,000 kW th )1040Large industry (350-5,000 kW th )52020 202201990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 20200Figure 35: Share of renewable energy in DHC (Source: data provided by Euroheat & Power)2010 2020The current district heat supply and distribution networks are appropriate for current1levelsof heat demand, but with the increase of renewable energy supply and the decrease of finalheat demand, DHC must continue to evolve within its context to continue representing a smart,sustainable and inclusive 100 solution. In future the 4 th generation of distribution networks willbe characterised by the capacity to operate with lower and/or more flexible temperaturesTemperature (˚C)Flexibility(Figure 36). This key change will allow both lower distribution heat losses and higher utilisationof available RES such as solar, biomass and geothermal energy.50l4-9EUR/GJSmall industry(100 - 1,000 kW)4-9EUR/GJLarge industry(350 - 5,000kW)01870 1920 1970 2020060%High temperatureheat (>400˚C)Medium temperatureheat (100˚C - 400˚C)High temperatureheat (
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