Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Renewable ... - EGEC

RenewableHeating & CoolingEuropean Technology PlatformBIO.10State-of-the-artDevelopment of high efficient biomass conversion systems for tri-generation(heating, cooling and power)At the moment tri-generation has not been demonstrated on a large scale and evenin Nordic counties the yearly efficiency of CHP systems does not exceed 65%.At present neither visionary background documents nor integrated energy technologyassessments including the whole biomass fuel supply chain exist for biomass basedtri-generation in combination with intermittent wind and solar energy supply. The potential andrequirements for such systems in various energy and climatic conditions need to be identified.TargetsType of activity• Energy modelling and identification of the requirements of future biomass CHP-C unitsas part of multi-source renewable energy systems.• Demonstrating tri-generation, with concepts for different climatic conditions, reaching at least80% average annual efficiency.• Development of innovative concepts for cost efficient fertiliser factories in order to recyclebiomass nutrients or recover strategic elements.• Creating test beds for on-line monitoring and measurement techniques.• Identifying business models for two-way tri-generation and poly-generation energy networks.20% Research / 50% Development / 30% DemonstrationBIO.9Research and Innovation Priorities Predominant type of activity ImpactDevelopment of highly efficient large-scale or industrialCHP with enhanced availability and high temperatureheat potentialDemonstration By 2020BIO.10 Development of CO2-negative bioenergy systems Development By 2020Table 12: research and innovation priorities for biomass applications to industrial processes5.4 Geothermal technologyLow temperature range (‹95 °C), including coolingGeothermal energy can provide heat in the low temperature range as explained in the previoussections of this publication. Because geothermal energy has definite base-load characteristics,and is always available when required, it matches perfectly with stable demandpatterns of most industrial processes. The annual full-load hours can be rather high, andthus the return on investment for the geothermal installation favourable. Inthis form, geothermal heat is already used in agriculture/aquaculture (e.g. greenhouses),drying processes in the food industry, etc. Specific R&D needs are not listed here, as theyare equivalent to those in the DHC sector (Chapter 6).Another geothermal technology useful for industrial applications is undergroundthermal energy storage (UTES). In particular UTES at 40-90 °C can directly supply heatfor low temperature industrial needs such as batch processes or seasonal industries(e.g. sugar refineries), where periods of heat (and/or cold) demand are followed byphases of inactivity.Geothermal heat can also be used as operating energy for absorption chillers, to supplycooling to industrial processes. R&D priorities for UTES and absorption cooling areincluded among the cross-cutting technologies presented in this Chapter.Medium temperature range (95-250 °C)Geothermal energy can provide heat above 95 °C from deep geothermal resources and fromhigh-enthalpy geothermal resources. High enthalpy resources, some of which show temperaturesover 250 °C, are used almost exclusively for electric power production. Use of theheat for industrial purposes is also feasible. R&D will be required to provide for the rightmatching and adaptation of the geothermal heat source to the specific characteristics of theindustrial process concerned.For the heat source as such, most R&D needs are the same as for deep geothermalin DHC, as long as temperatures below about 120 °C are considered (cf. Chapter 6).As the temperature of the geothermal fluid increases, other problems need to be solved, likedegassing of the fluid (pressure control), corrosion, and insufficient pump technology.55