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22.5Metering Devices, Protective Relays, Software and ConnectivityConnectivity Options2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222Copper Ethernet CableWiring GuidelinesThe following information canbe used as a guide whendesigning an Ethernet systemusing Copper Ethernet Cable.●●●●Cables should not berouted near equipmentthat generates strongelectric or magnetic fieldssuch as motors, drivecontrollers, arc weldersand conduitEthernet cable insulationhas a voltage rating of300 Vac. Use of barriers,cable trays or high voltagesheathing with STPEthernet cable may berequired in installationswith cables carryingvoltages greater than300 Vac. This mayalso be necessary inorder to comply withUL requirements. Ininstallations where thecable cannot be physicallyseparated from the powercables (where a physicalbarrier is not practical) fiberoptic cable should be usedWhen crossing powerconductors with Ethernetcable, cross at right anglesShielded Twisted Pair (STP)Ethernet cable should bespecified for use in highnoise environments.Shielded shroudedconnectors must be usedand the shield must beconnected at both ends ofthe wire. The mating plugmust have a shieldedshroud that is terminatedto ground at both ends.Where there is a possibilityof a difference in groundpotential (common mode)voltages between thetwo terminated ends,fiber optic cable isrecommended●●●●When using conduit or ametal cable tray, eachsection of the conduit ortray must be bonded toeach adjacent section andthe conduit or tray needsto be bonded to earthground. Do not allow theshields to touch theconduit or metal tray atany pointOnly shielded (STP)Ethernet cables should beplaced into metal conduit.Some UTP cables may notfunction properly wheninstalled in conduit, as themetal conduit can affect theelectrical properties of anunshielded cable. Consultthe cable manufacturerwhen installing UTP cablesin conduitAs a general rule for noiseprotection, Ethernet Cableshould maintain a minimumdistance of 3 inches (8 cm)from electric powerconductors for up to100 volts and 1 inch (3 cm)for each additional 100 voltsup to 400 volts. STP cableis recommendedFor Ethernet cable runwithin conduit, but nearconductors with potentiallynoisy power conductorscarrying currents of greaterthan 20A or voltagesgreater than 400V,maintain the followingdistances. STP cable isrequired.● Conductors of less than20A = 3 inches● Conductors of 20A ormore and up to 100 kVA= 6 inches● Conductors greater than100 kVA = 12 inches●●●●●●●●●●For Ethernet cable run nearconductors with potentiallynoisy power conductorscarrying currents of greaterthan 20A or voltagesgreater than 400V,maintain the followingdistances. STP cable isrecommended●Conductors of less than20A = 6 inches● Conductors of 20Aor more and up to100 kVA = 12 inches●Conductors greater than100 kVA = 24 inchesRoute Ethernet cable atleast 5 feet (1.5m) fromsources of rf/microwaveradiation. STP cable isrequiredDo not cascade more thanfour Ethernet repeaters(router, switch or hub)within a network segmentEnvironmentally sealedconnectors should bespecified for cables usedin outdoor installationsAvoid pinching the cablewhen using cable tiesTotal distance between anEthernet Transmitter andReceiver at the end pointsof the network should notexceed 328 feet (100m)Total distance from a patchpanel to a wall jack (usingsolid cable) shall notexceed 295 feet (90m).Splices are not permittedPatch cords used as crossconnectjumpers in a patchpanel should not exceed20 feet (6m)Patch cords from a walljack to the work area PC(or device) shall not exceed16 feet (5m)Ethernet cable used inharsh environmentsmust be selected towithstand the followingconditions: vibration,air born contaminants,chemicals, temperature,electromagneticinterference, combustibleatmospheres and localregulatory standards suchas UL and NEMA●●●●Ethernet connectors usedin harsh environmentsmust be robust enoughto withstand vibration,multiple connection cycles,temperature changes,and provide a properseal to protect againstmoisture, dust/dirt andchemical attackDifferent cable mediasupport differentbandwidth capabilities.When installing cable in anetwork, care should betaken to install the cablethat will fill current networkloading requirements andfuture expansion needs. Ingeneral, fiber optic cablecan support the greatestbandwidth (upward of25,000 gigabits) and UTPhas the lowest. CAT5ecabling is designed tooperate a bit rates up to1000 Mb and CAT6 cableup to 2000 MbOperating your cable atmaximum speed reducesthe distance betweennetwork segments. Checkwith your cable supplier forspecifications regardingsegment distance vs.speedCable with 5% impedancemismatch or returnloss of 27 to 32 dB isrecommended. Ethernetcable impedance can varyby as much as 15%(85 to 115 ohms). AverageEthernet cable with 15%impedance variationcan have up to 10 dBadditional return loss.This discontinuity isreferred to as return loss,since it causes some ofthe signal to be reflectedback down the cableinstead of propagatingforward. Itis measured in decibels orratio of transmitted versusreflected signal22398 Volume 3—Power Distribution and Control Assemblies CA08100004E—December 2010 www.eaton.com
Metering Devices, Protective Relays, Software and ConnectivityConnectivity Options22.5Fiber Optic TechnologyThe use of fiber optics intelecommunications and widearea networking has beencommon for many years, butmore recently fiber opticshave become increasinglyprevalent in industrial datacommunications systemsas well. High data ratecapabilities, noise rejectionand electrical isolation arejust a few of the importantcharacteristics that makefiber optic technology idealfor use in industrial andcommercial systems.Although often used forpoint-to-point connections,fiber optic links are beingused to extend the distancelimitations of RS-232, RS-422/485 and Ethernet systemswhile ensuring high datarates and minimizingelectrical interference.Conventional electrical datasignals are converted intoa modulated light beam,introduced into the fiber andtransported via a very smalldiameter glass or plasticfiber to a receiver thatconverts the light back intoelectrical signals.Optical fibers allow datasignals to propagate throughthem by ensuring that thelight signal enters the fiberat an angle greater than thecritical angle of the interfacebetween two types of glass.Optical fiber is actually madeup of three parts. The centercore is composed of verypure glass. Core dimensionsare usually in the rangeof 50 to 125 um for multimodecables and 8-9 um forsingle-mode cables. Thesurrounding glass, calledcladding, is a slightly lesspure glass. The diameter ofthe core and claddingtogether is in the range of125 to 440 um.Surrounding the cladding is aprotective layer of flexiblesilicone called the sheath.Fiber Optic CableWiring GuidelinesThe following informationcan be used as a guidewhen designing an Ethernetsystem using Fiber OpticEthernet Cable:●●Select a fiber cable that issuited for the application,e.g., outdoor, aerial, duct,intra-building, risers,general building andplenum applicationsFiber optic cable is useful inapplications where theenvironment is combustible,electrically noisy, the cablemust be bundles with highvoltage wires or wherecommon mode voltagesmay exist between theearth ground points of theterminating connectors●●●●●Fiber optic cable isavailable in variousoperating temperatureranges. Care should betaken to match thetemperature rating of thefiber to the environment itwill be exposed to. Thetemperature specificationfor fiber may be narrowerthan copper cable. Consultthe cable manufacturer fortemperature specificationsof your cable typeSealed fiber connectorsare available for use inharsh environments toprevent contaminationfrom entering theconnector and fiber. Thetype of seal required willbe application dependantand can vary from dustandmoisture-proof towater-tightMixing fiber cable types isnot permitted. The samecore dimensions and modemust be used withincable segmentsCare should be taken whenpurchasing connectors toinclude strain relief, whichreduces mechanical strain(vibration) within the cable,as well as the connector.Strain relief also providessupport to the cableto ensure proper bendradius at the connectorSingle-Mode Fiber isused for long distancetransmission of up to●●●120 km. Distance may varydepending on speed andtype of converter used.Multi-Mode Graded-IndexFiber Cable is used forcommunication overshorter distances of upto 2 kmFiber cable is composed ofglass and is not well suitedfor applications requiringtight bend radiuses. Cableradius dimensions vary permanufacturer. If themanufacturer does notprovide a bend radius, atypical rule of thumb is aradius not less than 15xthe cable diameterFiber cable to connectorterminations can beperformed in the fieldusing special equipment.This method is notrecommended● Tier One testing isrecommended whendiagnosing systemirregularities and shouldbe performed in all newinstallations● Tier Two testing isrecommended to certifythat a system complieswith standards set forthby the owner/installer2222222222222222222222222222222222222222DimensionsPackagingDescriptionDimensions of PXES4P seriesWeight of PXES4P seriesDimensions of PXES6P seriesWeight of PXES6P seriesSpecifications3.5 in H x 3.0 in W x 1.0 in D (8.9 cm x 7.6 cm x 2.5 cm)8.6 oz. (243g)3.6 in H x 3.0 in W x 1.7 in D (9.2 cm x 7.6 cm x 4.3 cm)13 oz. (370g)22222222222222222222Volume 3—Power Distribution and Control Assemblies CA08100004E—December 2010 www.eaton.com 399
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