industries (see Table 1). The mapping studies have applied various methodologies and definiti<strong>on</strong>sof the cultural and creative industries. There is a tendency to increasingly base the definiti<strong>on</strong> ofcultural industries <strong>on</strong> an analysis of the processes involved in the producti<strong>on</strong> and c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> ofcultural goods. Most of these studies have examined the ec<strong>on</strong>omic effect of the cultural industriesin terms of value-added and employment. Recently, attempts have also been made to assess thesocial impact of the sector.Country Publicati<strong>on</strong> Author DateAustraliaChina - H<strong>on</strong>g K<strong>on</strong>g SARChina - ShanghaiInd<strong>on</strong>esiaThe Ec<strong>on</strong>omic C<strong>on</strong>tributi<strong>on</strong> of Australia’sCopyright <strong>Industries</strong>Baseline Study <strong>on</strong> H<strong>on</strong>g K<strong>on</strong>g’s Creative<strong>Industries</strong>A Study <strong>on</strong> Creativity IndexStudy <strong>on</strong> the Relati<strong>on</strong>ship between the PearlRiver Delta and H<strong>on</strong>g K<strong>on</strong>g’s Creative <strong>Industries</strong>Guide <strong>on</strong> the Key Points in the Development ofCreative Industry in ShanghaiA Study of the C<strong>on</strong>cept <strong>on</strong> the Development ofCreative Industry in Shanghai2006 Shanghai Creative <strong>Industries</strong> DevelopmentReportThe C<strong>on</strong>tributi<strong>on</strong> of Copyright and RelatedRights <strong>Industries</strong> to the Ind<strong>on</strong>esian Ec<strong>on</strong>omyAllen C<strong>on</strong>sulting Group 2001, 2006<strong>Centre</strong> for <strong>Cultural</strong> Policy Research,University of H<strong>on</strong>g K<strong>on</strong>g<strong>Centre</strong> for <strong>Cultural</strong> Policy Research,University of H<strong>on</strong>g K<strong>on</strong>g<strong>Centre</strong> for <strong>Cultural</strong> Policy Research,University of H<strong>on</strong>g K<strong>on</strong>gShanghai Ec<strong>on</strong>omic Commissi<strong>on</strong> andShanghai <str<strong>on</strong>g>Statistics</str<strong>on</strong>g> BureauSeptember 2003November 2005July 200620052005Shanghai Industry Center 2006Institute for Ec<strong>on</strong>omic and SocialResearch, Faculty of Ec<strong>on</strong>omicUniversity of Ind<strong>on</strong>esiaAugust 2003Japan Copyright White Paper Japan Copyright Institute March 2001Copyright White Paper Japan Copyright Institute November 2005New Zealand Creative <strong>Industries</strong> in New Zealand New Zealand Institute of Ec<strong>on</strong>omicResearchSingapore Creative <strong>Industries</strong> Development Strategy ERC Services Subcommittee,Government of SingaporeEc<strong>on</strong>omic C<strong>on</strong>tributi<strong>on</strong>s of Singapore’s Creative<strong>Industries</strong>The Ec<strong>on</strong>omic C<strong>on</strong>tributi<strong>on</strong> of Copyrightbased<strong>Industries</strong> in Singapore. The 2004 Report(published in Nati<strong>on</strong>al Studies On Assessing theEc<strong>on</strong>omic C<strong>on</strong>tributi<strong>on</strong> of the Copyright-Based<strong>Industries</strong>, WIPO, 2006)Toh Mun Heng, Adrian Choo,Terence HoSingapore IP AcademyLeo Kah Mun, Chow Kit Boey, Lee KeeBeng, Ong Chin Huat, Loy Wee Lo<strong>on</strong>Table 1: Research and Mapping Studies from the Asia-Pacific Regi<strong>on</strong> 2000-2006March 2002September 200220032006In order to m<strong>on</strong>itor the ec<strong>on</strong>omic development of any industry, including the cultural industries,and to formulate harm<strong>on</strong>ized, coherent and thus viable strategies, policies and programmes forsustainable development of the industry, reliable and timely statistical informati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> the industryis essential. With the globalizati<strong>on</strong> of industry and ec<strong>on</strong>omy, such statistical informati<strong>on</strong> mustalso be comparable with the informati<strong>on</strong> of other countries and industries in terms of statisticalc<strong>on</strong>cepts, definiti<strong>on</strong>, classificati<strong>on</strong>, methodology, and accuracy.This raises a particular problem as the cultural industries, unlike most other industries, are notclassified exclusively in existing activity/product classificati<strong>on</strong>s. Thus, c<strong>on</strong>sistent statistical datafor cultural industries do not always exist in a sufficiently aggregated form to yield this kind ofinformati<strong>on</strong>.To be truly useful, a system for data collecti<strong>on</strong> and analysis needs to be able to capture a moredetailed range of cultural industries (such as crafts, design, architectural services, and museums)
and also reflect the social impact of the sector. This is particularly necessary in the developing worldwhere crafts, for example, have relatively greater ec<strong>on</strong>omic importance than in other countries,and where many cultural experiences are not organized for profit.Similar to indicators for other ec<strong>on</strong>omic sectors, indicators for the cultural industries may beassessed in terms of working populati<strong>on</strong>, output, capital, and productivity. Unless we include datainformati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> other aspects of the sector, however, we will not get a proper picture of the sector.Such data should include informati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> arts and cultural programmes, the workforce engagedin skilled pursuits in the n<strong>on</strong>-formal sector, their ec<strong>on</strong>omic c<strong>on</strong>tributi<strong>on</strong>s and productivity growth,the number of patents or proprietary rights <strong>on</strong> products and processes, investments in researchand development (R & D) and in higher educati<strong>on</strong>, d<strong>on</strong>ati<strong>on</strong>s and expenditure towards socialwelfare and cultural activities, as well as n<strong>on</strong>-ec<strong>on</strong>omic factors such as the mobility of workers andcapital, societal regimes of law, civil rights and freedoms, socio-cultural and financial infrastructure,ethical and behavioral attributes of trust, reciprocity, co-operati<strong>on</strong>, public participati<strong>on</strong>, attitudesto minorities, etc.At the moment, most of the regi<strong>on</strong>’s countries do not collect data <strong>on</strong> cultural industries nor dothey have the capacity to do so. To be able to make decisi<strong>on</strong>s to promote cultural industries inthe most effective manner, countries, therefore, need to develop the capacity for nati<strong>on</strong>al datacollecti<strong>on</strong> and analysis of the cultural industries sector.Through the applicati<strong>on</strong> of the framework methodology in nati<strong>on</strong>al data projects, the capacityof statistical offices in participating countries will be strengthened. At the end of the project,a nati<strong>on</strong>al system for the producti<strong>on</strong> of key statistics <strong>on</strong> the cultural industries will have beenestablished, complete with guidelines and tools for data collecti<strong>on</strong> and analysis, reporting formats,and trends analysis pertaining to the sector.<str<strong>on</strong>g>Statistics</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>Cultural</strong> <strong>Industries</strong>Framework for the Elaborati<strong>on</strong> of Nati<strong>on</strong>al Data Capacity Building Projects