Literature Review: Pregnant and breastfeeding ... - Eat For Health

Reference Mitchell 2004Dietary patterns Cereal (carbohydrate rich food such as rice, noodles, pasta, bread, breakfast cereals – and potatoes)Study typeCase-control studyLevel of evidence III-3 (aetiology)SettingWaitemata Health or Auckland Healthcare regions, New ZealandFundingHealth Research Council of New Zealand, Foundation for the Newborn, Child Health Research FoundationParticipants Mothers of 1138 children born between October 1995 and November 1997 (844 born SGA and 870 born appropriate for GA); only term infants (> 37weeks);Exclusions: preterm births (< 37 weeks), multiple births and those with congenital anomaliesBaseline comparisons See confounding belowDietary assessment FFQTimingFFQ administered after birth (to cover the periconception period and the last month of pregnancy)Comparison0-1. 5 v > 1. 5-2.25 v > 2.25-2.75 v > 2.75-3.5 v > 3.5 serves of cereal per dayOutcomesSGA (≤ 10 th centile for GA and gender)ResultsSGA (cereal consumption at time of concepionSGA AGA aOR (95%) p value for trend0-1.5 154/538 (28.6%) 127/598 (21.2%) 1.31 (0.88 to 1.97)>1.5-2.25 114/538 (21.2%) 109/598 (18.2%) 1.22 (0.80 to 1.86)>2.25-2.75 105/538 (19.5%) 147/598 (24.6%) 0.81 (0.54 to 1.23)>2.75-3.5 70/538 (13.0%) 108/598 (18.1%) 0.77 (0.49 to 1.21)>3.5 96/538 (17.8%) 107/598 (17.9%) 1 0.04SGA (cereal in last month of pregnancy)0-1.5 123/539 (22.8%) 101/598 (16.9%) 1.52 (0.99 to 2.33)>1.5-2.25 96/539 (17.8%) 100/598 (16.7%) 1.36 (0.87 to 2.13)>2.25-2.75 114/539 (21.2%) 125/598 (20.9%) 1.08 (0.71 to 1.65)>2.75-3.5 118/539 (21.9%) 170/598 (28.4%) 1.00 (0.67 to 1.51)>3.5 89/539 (16.5%) 102/598 (17.1%) 0.17FollowupConfoundingRisk of biasRelevanceOther commentsNAAdjusted for socio-economic status, ethnicity, maternal height, maternal weight before pregnancy, maternal hypertension and maternal smoking; butfolate supplementation was not controlled for (periconception folate was significantly associated with reduced SGA risk).Low-moderate risk of bias: Of the 2182 eligible infants, parents of 1714 (78.6%) completed the FFQ; 1138 (67%) of women completed the FFQ; missingitems in completed FFQ treated as woman not consuming any cereal.Likely to be relevant to Australian womenOnly term infants included;Not clear if potatoes are also included in the vegetable categoryDietary guidelines for pregnant and breastfeeding women: evidence report120