Literature Review: Pregnant and breastfeeding ... - Eat For Health

Inadequate weight gain - aOR 0.95 95% CI 0.88 to 1.02 (1 st trimester) and aOR 0.99 95% CI 0.92 to 1.07 (2 ndtrimester)In this study, no significant associations were seen between AHEI-P scores and gestational diabetes mellitus: AHEI-P score (per 5 points)aOR 0.97 95% CI 0.87 to 1.08 (1 st trimester)aOR 0.98 95% CI 0.87 to 1.09) (2 nd trimester)6. In a cohort study from Iceland, eating more in early pregnancy was not significantly associated with either atleast optimal gestational weight gain or excessive gestational weight gain, but eating more in late pregnancywas associated with significant increases in at least optimal gestational weight gain (aOR 3.32 95% CI 1.81to 6.09) and excessive gestational weight gain (aOR 2.04 95% CI 1.17 to 3.58)7. In a US cohort study, a vegetarian diet was associated with lower odds of excessive gestational weight gainin the first trimester (aOR 0.45 95% CI 0.27 to 0.76) but not the second trimester (aOR 0.70 95% CI 0.40 to1.20)8. In a nonrandomised intervention study from Finland, meal pattern advice and advice to consume plenty offruits, vegetables and high fibre bread and to restrict high sugar snacks in late pregnancy was not associatedwith excessive gestational weight gain (aOR 1.82 95% CI 0.65 to 5.14)9. In a US RCT, women allocated to a dietary avoidance regimen during pregnancy compared with womenwith a standard diet, showed a significant reduction in third trimester weight gain (MD -1.24 kg 95% CI -1.30 to -1.18)10. In a US cohort study, diagnosis of GDM, or a diagnosis of either GDM or IGT, were not associated with: A western diet during pregnancy (red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, French fries, highfatdairy products, desserts, butter and refined grains); p for trend across quartiles for GDM = 0.80; A prudent diet during pregnancy (high in vegetables, fruit, legumes, fish, poultry, eggs, salad dressing, andwhole grains); p for trend across quartiles for GDM = 0.3511. In a US cohort study, diagnosis of GDM wasNegatively associated with: A prudent pre-pregnancy and pregnancy (fruits, green leafy vegetables, poultry and fish): p for trend acrossquintiles = 0.017 (adjusted)Positively associated with: a western pre-pregnancy and pregnancy diet (red meat, processed meat, refined grain products, sweets,desserts, French fries and pizzas); p for trend across quintiles = 0.0011 (adjusted)No longer positively associated with: a western pre-pregnancy and pregnancy diet when adjusted for red and processed meat consumption (p fortrend across quintiles = 0.697 (adjusted)495 II Olafsdottir 20061338 II Stuebe 2009132 III-2 Kinnunen 2007a98 II(RCT)Zeiger 19891773 II Radesky 200813,110 II Zhang 2006Dietary guidelines for pregnant and breastfeeding women: evidence report14