FREE LAW JOURNAL - VOLUME 3, NUMBER 1 (<strong>18</strong> JANUARY <strong>2007</strong>)trusted individuals and local organizations. 29Under the pressure of United States, Wilford Woodruff, thesuccessor of Mormon Church President John Taylor, changed thechurch’s policy. In <strong>18</strong>90, he issued the Manifesto, which stated,“Inasmuch as <strong>law</strong>s have been enacted by Congress forbiddingplural marriages, which <strong>law</strong>s have been pronouncedconstitutional by the court of last resort, I hereby declare myintention to submit to those <strong>law</strong>s, and to use my influence withmembers of the Church over which I preside to have them dolikewise...”. Nevertheless, Wilford Woodruff didn’t announce thatpolygamy was wrong, only said that he declared his intention tosubmit to the <strong>law</strong> of the land. In return , the Church could protectits assets; arrests and prosecutions reduced. Finally, statehoodcame in <strong>18</strong>96. 30 However, Utah Constitution of <strong>18</strong>96 prohibitedpolygamous marriages forever. 31Throughout these years, some women were affected frompolygamous marriages badly. Many first wives consented to theirhusbands’ plural marriages; some women had to accept; someothers weren’t informed of the second marriages until they tookplace. A few shared their experiences about the abuses publicly.Congress formed funds to supply a home for women who wantedto escape from such marriages. However, large <strong>number</strong>s ofMormon women came together to support plural marriage sincethey believed that their husbands were practicing therequirements of their religions. 3229303132Chambers, p.65Altman-Ginat, p.36For the related article of Utah Constitution, seehttp://www.polygamyinfo.com/<strong>law</strong>.htm; Altman-Ginat, p.37Chambers, p.66124DIDEM ÖZALPAT - LEGAL AND JUDICIAL STRUGGLES WITHPOLYGAMOUS MARRIAGES IN MORMON SOCIETY (<strong>18</strong>30-<strong>18</strong>87)
FREE LAW JOURNAL - VOLUME 3, NUMBER 1 (<strong>18</strong> JANUARY <strong>2007</strong>)REFERENCESAltman, Irwin and Joseph Ginat, Polygamous Families inContemporary Society, Cambridge University Press, 1996Andrew Jenson, Church Chronology, August 29, <strong>18</strong>52, Sunday, Journalof Discourses, Vol.1, p.53Barrus, Roger M., “Political History”,www.lightplanet.com/mormons/daily/politics/Political_History_EOM.htmBrewster, Pamela R., Mothers and Goddesses: American Women in theMormon Subculture, Michigan 1990Chambers, David L., “Polygamy and Same-Sex Marriage”, Hofstra LawReview, Vol.26, No.1, 1997Çolak, Melek, “Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Mormonlar”, Tarih veToplum, İletişim Yayınları, Haziran 2001, Sayı: 210, Cilt: 35, p.23-24Donovan, James M., “DOMA: A Unconstitutional Establishment ofFundamentalist Christianity”, Michigan Journal of Gender Law, Vol.4First Amendment of the United States Constitution, 1787,http://www.bdt.com/home/budryerson/rfra2.htmGordon, Sarah, The Mormon Question Polygamy and ConstitutionalConflict in Nineteenth-Century America, The University of NorthCarolina Press, 2001http://www.ibiblio.org/uncpress/chapters/gordon_mormon.htmlGüran, Sait, “Din ve İnanç Hürriyetinin Özgür Kullanımına Bir ÖrnekOlay”, Uluslararası Anayasa Hukuku Kurultayı 9-13 Ocak 2001, TürkiyeBarolar Birliği Yayınları“History of Polygamy in Utah”,125DIDEM ÖZALPAT - LEGAL AND JUDICIAL STRUGGLES WITHPOLYGAMOUS MARRIAGES IN MORMON SOCIETY (<strong>18</strong>30-<strong>18</strong>87)
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