FREE LAW JOURNAL - VOLUME 3, NUMBER 1 (<strong>18</strong> JANUARY <strong>2007</strong>)3. Enjoyment of civil and political rights generatingenjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights; wherethe effective exercise of political rights, such as the right to vote, canforce the government to take measures that will ensure fullrealization of economic, social and cultural rights.4. Enjoyment of civil and political rightsgenerating absence of economic, social and culturalrights;5. Absence of economic, social and cultural rightsgenerating absence of civil and political rights; wherethwarting the exercise of economic, social, and cultural rights maygenerate a situation in which the exercise of civil and political rightsbecomes difficult. 76. Absence of economic, social and cultural rightsgenerating enjoyment of civil and political rights; whereeconomic and political underdevelopment, for example, may justifythe poor man’s having “a real interest in the right to vote, to theextent that his difficulties result from government policies.” 87. Absence of civil and political rights generatingabsence of economic, social and cultural rights; wherethwarting the exercise of civil and political rights can lead to asituation in which the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural7See Resolution XVII of the International Conference on Human Rights(Teheran, 1968), which explains, at paragraph 13, that “[s]ince human rightsand fundamental <strong>free</strong>doms are indivisible, the full realization of civil andpolitical rights without the enjoyment of economic, social, and cultural rights, isimpossible, the achievement of lasting progress in the implementation of humanrights is dependent upon sound and effective national and international policiesof economic and social development.”8J. Donnelly, Recent Trends in U.N. Human Rights Activity: Description andPolemic, 35 International Organization (Autumn 1981) 633, 645.96DR. ANWAR FRANGI - ABSENCE OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ANDCULTURAL RIGHTS AS A JUSTIFICATION FOR PUBLICEMERGENCY
FREE LAW JOURNAL - VOLUME 3, NUMBER 1 (<strong>18</strong> JANUARY <strong>2007</strong>)rights becomes difficult.8. Absence of civil and political rights generatingenjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights. This issupported by Article 9(2) of the Universal Declaration of HumanRights, 9 Article 4 of the International Covenant on Economic, Socialand Cultural Rights, 10 and Article 8(2) of the European Conventionfor the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. 11Also, the relationship between both types of human rights may be910 December 1948, U.N.G.A. Res. 217A (III), 3 U.N. GAOR 71, U.N. Doc. A/810(1948). (Hereinafter, “UDHR”). Article 9(2) of UDHR states as follows:In the exercise of his rights and <strong>free</strong>doms, everyone shall besubject only to such limitations as are determined by <strong>law</strong> solelyfor the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for therights and <strong>free</strong>doms of others and of meeting the justrequirements of morality, public order and the general welfarein a democratic society. (emphasis added)10Adopted December 16, 1966, entered into force January 3, 1976, U.N.G.A. Res.2200 (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR, Supp. (No.16) 49, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1967).(Hereinafter, “ESCR”). Article 4 of ESCR states as follows:The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that, inthe enjoyment of those rights provided by the State inconformity with the present Covenant, the State may subjectsuch rights only to such limitations as are determined by <strong>law</strong>only in so far as this may be compatible with the nature ofthese rights and solely for the purpose of promoting thegeneral welfare in a democratic society. (emphasis added)11Opened for signature November 4, 1950, entered into force, September 3, 1953,2<strong>18</strong> U.N.T.S. 221, Europ. T.S. No. 5. Article 8(2) of ECHR states as follows:There shall be no interference by a public authority with theexercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the<strong>law</strong> and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests ofnational security, public safety or the economic well-being ofthe country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for theprotection of health or morals, or for the protection of therights and <strong>free</strong>doms of others. (emphasis added)97DR. ANWAR FRANGI - ABSENCE OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ANDCULTURAL RIGHTS AS A JUSTIFICATION FOR PUBLICEMERGENCY
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