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E-International Scientific Research JournalISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 2010In Dapitan City, solid wastes are regularly collected by a garbage truck and dumped inan open landfill in a remote barangay of the City. However, many residences and severalcommercial establishments still practice open dumping and open burning (right in theirbackyards). Around 10% of homes have neither toilet facilities nor sewage treatment. Somehave concentrations of septic tanks or cesspools that leak large amounts of wastes into theshallow waters of Liboran and Dapitan Rivers. Both rivers drain into Dapitan Bay where liquidand solid wastes from residences, fishponds and agricultural lands are spilled. The Pulauanwharf poses yet another source of wastes from both the inhabitants and the casual travellersand tourists.The present study attempts to determine the volume of solid and liquid wastes producedby residents of coastal barangays in Dapitan City on a daily basis and assess their wastemanagement practices. An analytic procedure of factor conversion (from waste biomass to oneof the harmful GHG) is adopted from the IPCC (2006) conversion manual in order todetermine how much GHG is actually produced by the residents sans good waste managementprograms. Ultimately, it is hoped that once the residents realize the magnitude of harm that anun-managed waste disposal system can result on the earth’s climate, they will voluntarilyfollow the waste disposal ordinance of the City of Dapitan.Research Method and DesignThe study followed the descriptive-analytical procedure in obtaining and analyzing theinformation necessary to achieve the purported objectives:Research Locale. The study was conducted in Dapitan Bay particularly on thenorthwestern stretch of nine(9) barangays: Bucana, Sicayab, Canlucani, Poblacion, Polo, SanPedro, San Vicente, Taguilon, and Tag-ulo (map shown). It is noted that there are existinglocal ordinances for waste management in these nine barangays.Waste Identification and Analysis. The nine (9) barangays have a total of 880households of which 275 households were randomly chosen (roughly 31% of the total numberof households). The waste disposal practices of the households chosen for the study are shownin Table 1:Table 1: Waste Management Practices of Sample HouseholdsWaste Disposal Practice Number PercentageLittering 50 18.18Open Dumping 60 21.82Open Burning 70 25.45Composting 10 0.01Landfilling/Collection 50 18.18Recycling/Re using/Segregation 25 9.09Selling 20 7.27Total 275 100%310
E-International Scientific Research JournalISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 2010These information will be important when we apply the IPCC-approved conversionfactors for biomass to GHG outputs. Meanwhile, it is important to note that only 18.18% of thehouseholds actually follow the Ordinance for Waste Management (Collection and Landfilling)with waste segregation policy (9.09%) for a total of 27.27% law-abiding households in thestudy (less than one third of the households follow the law on waste management).IPCC-Approved Conversion Factors.The IPCC approved in 2006 the following conversion factors for converting wastebiomass to approximate greenhouse gas output:Table 2: Biomass Conversion Factors for Household WastesSource Description CO2Outputg/kgWood/Paper/Yard Combustion 950Trimmings/Textiles Non-Combustion 570Biodegradables/Common Combustion 900TrashNon-Combustion 540Plastics/Styrofoams/ Combustion 200RubberNon-Combustion 0Aluminum/Steel/Tin/ Combustion NACopper/Cans/Bottles Non-Combustion NABatteries/Old Machines Combustion NANon-Combustion NASource: Canadian National Inventory Report, 2006 as Approved by IPCCMethaneg/kg.05.08.10.175000NANANANANitreous Oxideg/kg.02.03.08.131000NANANANAThe wastes generated by the households were identified by volume and by type dailyfor seven days. The average of each type of waste material was then obtained. The volume ofwaste (by type) was then converted into the corresponding GHG using the conversion factorsabove. A typical example is illustrated below for clarity:Type of waste: Wood/Paper/Yard Trimmings/TextilesMean Volume Per Day : 38 kgsEquivalent GHG Output by Burning (Combustion):CO2 = 36100 gms (36.1 kg), Methane = .76 gm, Nitreous Oxide = .76 gm(Using Conversion Factors Above)Contingency Analysis. The GHG outputs were then further analyzed by looking intothe typical waste disposal practice of each barangay and their corresponding GHG outputs(low/high) in order to assess how the GHG outputs relate with the corresponding wastedisposal practices of the barangays. That is, we wanted to know the extent to which the wastedisposal practice influenced the harmful gas emissions of the barangays. The analysis was donethrough a simple chi-square test.311
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