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E-International Scientific Research JournalISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 2010POLO 4.8 6.05 31.6 29.6 32.5 35 8.0 8.05SD + 0.1 2.19 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.07Cawa-cawa 5.25 30.0 32.5 7.95SD + 0.78 1.4 3.54 0.21ReferencesAlcala, E. and J. Maypa. 2000. preliminary water quality assessment of Liboran River,Dapitan City. In: A.C. Alcala, A report on Liboran River, Dapitan City submitted to MayorCedrick O. Ruiz, Dapitan City.Chandran, A. and A.A.M.Hatta. 2001. Survival of Escherichia coli in a tropical estuary.Journal of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Ghandi University, Kerala, India 41-45 pp.DENR. 1990. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Administrative Order No.34 Series 1990. 78-80.English, S.C., wilkinsn and V. Baker (eds.). 1994. Survey manual for Tropical MarineResources. Australian institute of Marine Science, TownsvilleGrasshoff, K., M. Ehrhardt and K. Kremling. 1983. methods of seawater Analysis. Weinheim:Verlag Chemie, pp.125-131.Johnston, R.1976.Marine Pollution. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland,marine Lab, Aburdeen Scotland.Lodon: Academic Press inc. London Ltd. 13-33 pp.McPherson, C.A., P.M. Chapman, G.A.Vigers and K.S. Ong.1999. ASEAN Marine WaterQuality Criteria: Contextual Framework, Principles, Methodology and Criteria for 18Parameters. ASEAN marine Environmental Quality Criteria –working group (AMEQC-WG),ASEAN-Canada Cooperative Programme onMarine Science-Phase II). EVS Environmentconsultants, North Vancouver and Departmentof Fisheries, Malaysia. Pp. 568376
E-International Scientific Research JournalISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 2010DIRECT AND INDIRECT ECONOMIC IMPACT OFCLIMATE CHANGE ON THE PROVINCIALTOURISM, AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCIALSECTORS OF ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTEW. D. Carreon and J.S. R. CampiseñoJose Rizal Memorial State University, Dapitan CityJose Rizal Memorial State University, Dapitan CityAbstractThis study is an attempt to look into the direct and indirect economic impact of climatechange to three (3) business sectors: tourism, commercial and agricultural, of Zamboanga delNorte by canonical path analysis. Results revealed that temperature and rainfall variations ledto a decline in agricultural productivity (-1.90%) but spurred greater economic activities in thecommercial (47.0%) and tourism sectors (17.12%). The traditional farming method commonlyused in the province accounts for the adverse sensitivity of this sector to climate change. Thisstudy recommends that the agricultural sector looks into possibilities of using modern farmingsystems in order to counter the negative consequences brought about by climate change.Keywords: direct and indirect economic impact, climate change, business sectorsIntroductionThe center for Integrative Researches of Maryland in 2008, explained that differentsectors and systems are expected to be affected in different ways by the impact of continuedclimate change in such a way that economic gains from agricultural produce will be alteredsince growing conditions of agricultural products are lost as temperatures continue to rise.Droughts, water shortages as well as excess precipitations and spread of pests and diseasesaffecting the agricultural resources create a negative impact on agricultural production.Similarly, transportation networks, infrastructure, water and electricity (energy) supplysystems will be disrupted. The balance between the supply of and demand for energy will betilted as the demand for energy continues to rise beyond the available supply. For instance, inan economy which is largely dependent on hydropower, such as the island of Mindanao, longperiods of dry season lead to low water pressure which eventually translate to shortages in thesupply of electricity. Of course, when power supply is affected, the whole economic systembecomes disturbed, produces less and results in a drop in productivity. This phenomenon wasrecently observed during the El Nino effect which lasted from October, 2009 to June, 2010 ora period of over eight months with abnormally low rainfall throughout the country.377
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