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E-International Scientific Research JournalISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 2010highly urbanized areas particularly those office employees have to be subjected to somebehavior modifications to address climate change mitigation.This study recommends that lifestyles of residents in highly urbanized areasparticularly those office employees have to be subjected to some behavior modifications toaddress climate change mitigation. Private or individual and joint adaptations especially in thekey market sectors of the society should be enforced so that the magnitude of harm from theimpact of climate change will be reduced and the size of benefits will increase not only in areasof recreation and energy, but most importantly in the direct impact areas of farming, forestryand ecological management. This environmental concern necessitates government initiatives –the government needs to start thinking about joint adaptation, to carefully design efficientresponses which treat arising problems associated to climate change.ReferencesCauses of Climate Change, Retrieved fromhttp://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/climate/causes.htmCommon Questions about Climate Change, Are Human Activities Contributing to ClimateChange? Published in 1997 by the United Nations Environment Programme – WorldMeteorological Organization, Retrieved from http://www.gcrio.org/ipcc/qa/03.htmlGlobal Warming: Early warning signs (1999). IPCC, 2001. Retrieved on March 29, 2010from http://www.climatehotmap.orgHoldren, J. (2007). How Climate Change will affect our lifestyles. Retrieved fromhttp://www.suffolkcoastal.gov.uk/your district/greenissues/affects/default.htmMcCosker, L.K. (2009). A Summary of the 2009 Copenhagen Accord on Global ClimateChange and an Examination of Australia’s Position on the Environment.Retrieved December 21, 2009, fromhttp://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2514917/summary of the Copenhagen2009 global.htmlMendelsohn, R. (2000). Efficient Adaptation to Climate Change. Climactic Change, Vol. 45,Nos. 3-4: Accessed on 29 October 2010 fromhttp://www.springerlink.com/content/k153513042t34400/Mental Health Glossary, C.J. Newton, MA, Learning Specialist (July 1996).Pervin, Lawrence A. & John, Oliver P. (2001). Personality: theory and research. 8 th ed.Philippines: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Rosenzweig, C. (2008). Humans Linked to Climate Change: NASA Study Links EarthImpacts to Human-Caused Climate Change. Published as a NASA news release inMay, 2008 from http://geology.com/nasa/human-linked-climate-change.shtmlSmith, M. K. (2001). Kurt Lewin: Groups, experiential learning and action research. Theencyclopedia of informal education.344
E-International Scientific Research JournalISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 2010ESTIMATING THE HEALTH AND ECONOMICVULNERABILITIES OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE(IP) IN ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTETO THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEW. Nabua, N. Bureros and J. AquinoJose Rizal Memorial State University – Katipunan Campus, Katipunan, Zamboanga del NorteJose Rizal Memorial State University – Main Campus, Dapitan CityJose Rizal Memorial State University – Katipunan Campus, Katipunan, Zamboanga del NorteAbstractAn analytical framework for estimating the health and economic vulnerabilities of theindigenous people of Zamboanga del Norte to the effects of climate change is proposed andvalidated in this paper. Vulnerability, as used in this research, refers to the extent of risk andexposure of the IPs to the physical manifestations of climate change considering their copingmechanisms. Applying such a framework to the Subanen and Kalibogan tribes in Zamboangadel Norte, results show that : (a.) the indigenous people of Zamboanga del Norte were veryvulnerable in terms of their economic and livelihood sources consisting mainly of traditionalfarming and fishing, and (b.) the indigenous people were likewise found to be highlyvulnerable in terms of their health in the event of aberrant weather conditions. The IP’s loweducational attainment coupled with unstable, albeit, subsistence level income make theirability to cope with the effects of climate change minimal and insufficient to surmount theadverse effects of extreme weather conditions. Results further show that the analyticalframework for estimating vulnerabilities tend to underestimate the true vulnerability valuesbecause of the absence of more information that can be used to enhance these estimates.Keywords: vulnerability, climate change, indigenous peopleIntroductionClimate change are events associated with the increase in global temperature, changes inprecipitation pattern, occurrence of extreme events and increase in sea level (PCARRD, 2009).Modern science has determined that this phenomenon is caused by carbon emissions broughtabout by contemporary human activities. Molles (2005) reported that humans have exploitedtropical rainforest for many years through a mixture of hunting and gathering and shiftingagriculture. The country’s contribution to the global greenhouse gas emissions as a cause ofclimate change may be insignificant as compared with those of the more developed nations butbecause of the archipelagic topography of the Philippines, it is highly vulnerable to thedamaging direct and indirect impact of climate change. The Asian Development Bank, forinstance, estimated that the mean cost of climate change for the Philippines is about 6.7% ofcombined gross domestic product each year by 2100. In fact, some parts of the country are345
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