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ections are possible and might be made under a courageous andheroic leadership. Instead we have had a confused, selfish, andutterly political leadership which has sought out, not the remedies,but the special demands of great and powerful minorities and setabout satisfying those demands—running with the streams eventhough the streams are running over the abyss. The end of it all isthat we are experimenting here with precisely the same economicand political measures which fascist Italy and national socialist Germanyhave been using. Of course we refuse to admit that. Alwayswe adorn those measures here with decorative and patriotic names,while giving to the same measures in Italy and Germany odiousnames.If you would know, therefore, who are the fascists in America,you must ask yourselves not who are the men and women most vocalin their denunciations of Hitler and Mussolini. The most ardentenemies of those two leaders were some of their rival fascist dictatorsin Europe. The test of fascism is not one's rage against theItalian and German war lords. The test is—how many of the essentialprinciples of fascism do you accept and to what extent are youprepared to apply those fascist ideas to American social and economiclife? When you can put your finger on the men or the groupsthat urge for America the debt-supported state, the autarchialcorporative state, the state bent on the socialization of investmentand the bureaucratic government of industry and society, theestablishment of the institution of militarism as the great glamorouspublic-works project of the nation and the institution of imperialismunder which it proposes to regulate and rule the world and, alongwith this, proposes to alter the forms of our government to approachas closely as possible the unrestrained, absolute government—then you will know you have located the authentic fascist. By allmeans let us liquidate the few hundred or thousand bundists whoare Hitler's ridiculous fifth column in America. Let us locate andpoint out and, where overt acts are committed, disarm any otherfifth columnists playing the game of Italy or Germany or any otherforeign country here.But let us not deceive ourselves into thinking that we are dealingby this means with the problem of fascism. Fascism will come at2 5 2