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commanding the love of the people. But for reasons associated with,the structure of modern societies these dictatorships must have theirroots running deep into the populations as the final source of power.They rise to power by running with all the streams of thought in thepopulation. They are committed more or less to do those thingswhich the powerful minorities among the people wish. But whenthey face the necessity of doing these things, immediately powerfulcountercurrents press against them. Thus spending involves taxesand borrowing which in turn involves more taxes which sets uppowerful resistance from all quarters.Corporative control means regimentation of business which, whenattempted, involves stern compliance measures which also provokeanother powerful group of irritations and enmities. In the end thedictator must do things which the population does not like. Hencehe must have power—power to subdue criticism and resistance. Andthis necessity for power grows by what it feeds on until nothing lessthan absolutism will do. And so the popular mind must be subjectedto intense conditioning, and this calls for the positive and aggressiveforms of propaganda with which we are becoming familiar in thiscountry. The chief instruments of this are the radio and the movies.In the hands of a dictator or a dictatorial government or a governmentbent on power the results that can be achieved are terrifying.Along with this, of course, goes the attack upon the mind of youth.The mind is taken young and molded in the desired forms. It is atthis point the dictatorships develop their attitude toward religiousorganizations, which cannot be permitted to continue their influenceover young minds.The dictatorship element of the fascist state has accounted fortwo sets of facts: (a) a collection of theories upon which the totalitarianorganism is founded, and (b) a collection of episodes thathave grown out of it.The fascist organizers have felt the need to fabricate a philosophicalbasis for their system, which is a recognition of the popular stakein the experiment. They have, therefore, invoked the principle ofthe elite. This is not new in Europe. Almost every existing governmentat the time recognized the principle of monarchy and theprinciple of aristocracy, including the government of England,6S