Design Guide for Community Water Systems - The Water, Sanitation ...

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5.4.2. Acids.a. Acids shall be kept in closed acid-resistant shipping containers or storageunits.b. Acids shall not be handled in open vessels, but shall be pumped inundiluted form from original containers through a suitable piping to thepoint of treatment or to a tightly sealed, vented and covered day tank.c. To reduce the hazard to the water plant, acids shall not be diluted. Instead,the metering pumps specified shall permit the use of undiluted acid forinstallations of any size.5.4.3. Chlorine Dioxide.a. Sodium chlorite and sodium chlorate solutions and acids used to generatechlorine dioxide shall not be stored in a chlorine feed or storage room or inany area that may be affected by a chlorine gas leak or by vapors fromchlorine compounds.b. Federal and state rules set plant and distribution system monitoringrequirements for systems feeding chlorine dioxide. Thus, the necessaryapproved analyses equipment, monitoring equipment, and laboratoryfacilities shall be provided to test for chlorine dioxide and chlorites.c. Sodium Chlorite and Sodium Chlorate Storage.1. The department, before the preparation of final plans andspecifications, shall approve proposals for the storage and use ofsodium chlorite.2. Provision shall be made for proper storage and handling of sodiumchlorite to eliminate any danger of fire or explosion associated with itspowerful oxidizing nature.3. Sodium chlorite or chlorate solutions shall be stored by themselves ina cool, dry, fireproof, separate room. Preferably, they should be storedin an outside building detached from the water treatment facility.4. Sodium chlorite or chlorate solutions shall be stored away fromorganic materials because many materials will catch fire and burnviolently when in contact with sodium chlorite or chlorate.5. Storage shall be away from combustibles and acids.6. The storage structures shall be constructed of noncombustiblematerials.7. If the storage structure must be located in an area where a fire mayoccur, water shall be available to keep the sodium chlorite area coolenough to prevent heat-induced explosive decomposition of thechlorite.8. The storage structure shall be provided with a separate, noncombustible,corrosion-resistant ventilation system to capture mist orfumes.9. Full spill containment shall be provided. Furthermore, storagefacilities shall not be located over plant treatment basins, pumpingAug. 29, 2003Page 108
wells, transfer wells, or clearwells.d. Sodium Chlorite and Sodium Chlorate Handling1. The design shall provide the drains, sumps, finished water plumbing,hose bibs and hoses necessary to clean up spills and to washequipment.2. An emergency plan of operation should be developed for the clean upof any spillage.3. Storage drums must be thoroughly flushed before recycling ordisposal.4. Protective safety equipment for the operators shall be provided thatincludes, but may not be limited to, chemical safety goggles, butylrubber or neoprene gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus andwaterproof outer clothing.e. Sodium Chlorite and Sodium Chlorate Feeders.1. Positive displacement feeders shall be provided for feeding the acidsand sodium chlorite and chlorate solutions.2. Methods for accurately metering or weighing the sodium chlorite andchlorate solutions shall be provided. Graduated measuring chambersshould be built into the feeder piping to allow the feeder output to beroutinely checked.3. Tubing for conveying sodium chlorite or chlorine dioxide solutionsshall be Type 1 PVC, polyethylene or materials recommended by themanufacturer.4. Feed lines shall be installed in a manner to prevent formation of gaspockets and shall terminate at a point of positive pressure.5. Check valves shall be provided to prevent the backflow of chlorineinto sodium chlorite or chlorate lines.6. Storage tanks inside buildings, day tanks and unsealed carboys orbarrels shall be vented to the outside with a vent approved by thedepartment.7. To reduce the hazard to the water plant operators, sodium chlorite andchlorate solutions and the required acids shall not be diluted. Instead,the metering pumps specified shall permit the use of undilutedsolutions for installations of any size.5.4.4. Chloramines.a. Anhydrous ammonia.1. Anhydrous ammonia storage and handling facilities shall be designedto meet OSHA Standard 1910.111.2. With rising temperature, ammonia expands rapidly, increasing theinternal pressure in vessels and pipes, etc. This shall be considered inthe design and operation of ammonia systems3. Anhydrous ammonia feeding facilities shall be located in a separateenclosed room that meets all of the requirements of subparagraph5.5.1.1. of this document for chlorine gas feeding facilities. However,only explosion-proof electric fixtures shall be used in the room.Aug. 29, 2003Page 109
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Design GuideforCommunity Water Syst
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2.18. AUTOMATION. .................
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4.3.11. Waste Disposal. ...........
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CHAPTER 6 -- MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION R
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Maximum Hour Demand -- The amount o
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and deviations are subject to indiv
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(blank)Aug. 29, 2003Page viii
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a. A description of the nature and
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a. Hydrological data, stream flow,
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4. Be conducted under the same oper
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maintaining the new technology and
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1.2.1. Plans shall include:a. Suita
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name, number, effective date, publi
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e. The site will provide all-weathe
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chlorine residual by methods in "St
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etween them, a six-inch band of con
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a. Regulated recreational activitie
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e done to determine the degree and
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1. Pumping rate;2. Pumping water le
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sieve analyses of the water bearing
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e circulated in the annular space s
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emoved. Therefore, every well shoul
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3.2.6.4. Pitless well units.a. The
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SIZE (inches)6 id.8101214 od.161820
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Chapter 4 -- Tre atment4.0. General
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settling basins shall be not less t
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3. Shall have valves located outsid
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d. Be automatic. Timers on automati
Page 76 and 77: 2. Uniformity coefficient not great
Page 78 and 79: j. During air scour, the backwash w
Page 80 and 81: . An easily readable meter or flow
Page 82 and 83: 4.3.4. Design Pressure Drop or Tran
Page 84 and 85: 4.3.9. Flow Meters.Totaling rate of
Page 86 and 87: utilized, shall be 1.0 milligrams p
Page 88 and 89: . Removal of precursors prior to ch
Page 90 and 91: 5. Consideration shall be given to
Page 92 and 93: . Pre-treatment requirements. Iron,
Page 94 and 95: t. Housing. Bagged salt and dry bul
Page 96 and 97: 4.7. Iron and Manganese ControlIron
Page 98 and 99: Where phosphate treatment is used,
Page 100 and 101: 3. Series and parallel flow piping
Page 102 and 103: approval of the department before u
Page 104 and 105: contact time must be provided to co
Page 106 and 107: a. Sanitary sewers with the approva
Page 108 and 109: 1. Obtain a letter of approval from
Page 110 and 111: 6. The provisions for the final dis
Page 112 and 113: a. Missouri River or Mississippi Ri
Page 114 and 115: 5.0.3. General equipment design.Gen
Page 116 and 117: minimize chemical dust created by t
Page 118 and 119: 1. At least 30 days of chemical sup
Page 120 and 121: e. Hand pumps shall be provided for
Page 122 and 123: 5.2. Chemicals.5.2.1 Shipping conta
Page 124 and 125: outside atmosphere, above grade and
Page 128 and 129: 4. Anhydrous ammonia contact with c
Page 130 and 131: combustible material.2. Powdered ac
Page 132 and 133: fluoride feed line when a metering
Page 134 and 135: possibility for overfeed.h. Protect
Page 136 and 137: caution.d. Where taste and odor con
Page 138 and 139: e installed to monitor the flow of
Page 140 and 141: the generator dielectrics. Sufficie
Page 142 and 143: published by the National Fire Prot
Page 144 and 145: g. Water from pump gland drainage s
Page 146 and 147: 6.3. Pumps.6.3.1.Pumps shall be siz
Page 148 and 149: 6.4.2.2. Suction lines.Suction line
Page 150 and 151: cessation of minimum essential serv
Page 152 and 153: parameters: average winter (Decembe
Page 154 and 155: a. Overflows shall be sized to perm
Page 156 and 157: additional shielding to prevent the
Page 158 and 159: largest pump out of service shall b
Page 160 and 161: 7.1.4. CostsAs part of the final en
Page 162 and 163: 7.4. Hydropneumatic Storage7.4.1. H
Page 164 and 165: provided on larger tanks as needed
Page 166 and 167: 7.5.2. Fire Suppression Rating Sche
Page 168 and 169: in areas served by rural water dist
Page 170 and 171: connected directly to any sewer. Su
Page 172 and 173: 8.6.5. Force mains.There shall be a
Page 174: 8.11.2. Filling device.A filling de
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