Design Guide for Community Water Systems - The Water, Sanitation ...

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utilized, shall be 1.0 milligrams per liter at distant points in thedistribution system.4.4.3 Testing equipment.Chlorine residual test equipment shall meet the requirements established in10 CSR 60-5.010 and shall be capable of measuring residuals to the nearest0.2 milligram per liter. All treatment plants serving a population greater than3,300 shall be equipped with recording chlorine analyzers monitoring waterentering the distribution system.4.4.4 Other Disinfecting Agents.Although disinfecting agents other than chlorine are available, each hasusually demonstrated shortcomings when applied to a public water supply.Proposals for use of disinfecting agents other than chlorine, including ozonedisinfectant, must be approved by the department prior to preparation of finalplans and specifications.4.4.5. Ozone Disinfectant.4.4.5.1. Bench scale studies.Prior to the use of ozone for primary disinfectant, bench scalestudies must be conducted for ground water sources and full scalepilot studies must be conducted for surface water and groundwater under the influence of surface water sources.4.4.5.2. Chief operators.Chief operators for water systems treating water with ozone musthave the appropriate operator certification level required by theoperator certification rules in 10 CSR 60-14.4.4.5.3. Disinfectant residual.Systems utilizing ozone for the primary disinfectant must providefor maintaining a residual of chlorine or chloramine in thedistribution system.4.4.6. Disinfection Byproduct and Precurser Removal and ControlDisinfection byproducts are formed when disinfectants reacts with naturallyoccurring organic substances. These organic substances, called "precursors,"are a complex and variable mixture of compounds. Formation of disinfectionbyproducts is dependent on such factors as amount and type of disinfectantused, temperature, concentration and type of precursor, pH, and contact time.Aug. 29, 2003Page 68
Pilot or full-scale studies for disinfection byproduct and precursor removaland control shall be performed. Any full plant trial studies or modificationsto an existing treatment process shall be pre-approved by the department.Water treatment plants for which construction is begun after the effectivedate of this document shall be designed with clearwells and other plantfinished water storage sized to provide all of the required disinfectant contacttime, CT, after filtration. These storage facilities must be baffled or otherwisedesigned to assure optimum detention and calculations submitted to supportthe basis of the design.4.4.6.1. Methods of controlling precursors at the source.a. Selective withdrawal from reservoirs. Varying depths maycontain lower concentrations of precursors at different times ofthe year. Analyses for chlorophyll A and B may be useful inselecting withdrawal locations and in controlling plankton.b. Plankton Control. Algae and their by-products act as disinfectionbyproduct precursors.1. Only algaecides approved by the department for use inpotable water may be used for algae control in drinkingwater sources. Equipment for routine sampling andmicroscopic examination of the source water shall beavailable to assure that over-treatment does not occur. Theminimum equipment must include a microscope with builtinillumination, a Sedgwick-Rafter counting cell, and algaeidentification manuals.2. Destratification of a water supply reservoir to reducenutrients and thus plankton growth shall be supported bystudies done on similar lakes that have been destratified.Furthermore, consideration shall be given to handlingincreased plankton growth during the first years of theoperation. Watershed conditions that result in continuoushigh nutrient flow to a reservoir may negate any benefits indisinfection byproduct formation provided bydestratification.3. Alternative sources of better quality water should beconsidered, where available.4.4.6.2. Removal of disinfection byproduct precursors and control ofdisinfection byproduct formation.Pilot or full-scale studies for disinfection byproduct and precursorremoval and control shall be performed. In addition, source water teststhat cover at least a full calendar year are necessary to assure that thetreatment facilities will handle all source water conditions.a. Moving the point of chlorination to minimize disinfectionbyproduct formation.Aug. 29, 2003Page 69
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Design GuideforCommunity Water Syst
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2.18. AUTOMATION. .................
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4.3.11. Waste Disposal. ...........
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CHAPTER 6 -- MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION R
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Maximum Hour Demand -- The amount o
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and deviations are subject to indiv
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(blank)Aug. 29, 2003Page viii
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a. A description of the nature and
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a. Hydrological data, stream flow,
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4. Be conducted under the same oper
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maintaining the new technology and
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1.2.1. Plans shall include:a. Suita
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name, number, effective date, publi
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e. The site will provide all-weathe
Page 36 and 37: chlorine residual by methods in "St
Page 38 and 39: etween them, a six-inch band of con
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Page 46 and 47: a. Regulated recreational activitie
Page 48: e done to determine the degree and
Page 51: 1. Pumping rate;2. Pumping water le
Page 55 and 56: sieve analyses of the water bearing
Page 57 and 58: e circulated in the annular space s
Page 59 and 60: emoved. Therefore, every well shoul
Page 61 and 62: 3.2.6.4. Pitless well units.a. The
Page 63 and 64: SIZE (inches)6 id.8101214 od.161820
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 4 -- Tre atment4.0. General
Page 67 and 68: settling basins shall be not less t
Page 69 and 70: 3. Shall have valves located outsid
Page 71: d. Be automatic. Timers on automati
Page 76 and 77: 2. Uniformity coefficient not great
Page 78 and 79: j. During air scour, the backwash w
Page 80 and 81: . An easily readable meter or flow
Page 82 and 83: 4.3.4. Design Pressure Drop or Tran
Page 84 and 85: 4.3.9. Flow Meters.Totaling rate of
Page 88 and 89: . Removal of precursors prior to ch
Page 90 and 91: 5. Consideration shall be given to
Page 92 and 93: . Pre-treatment requirements. Iron,
Page 94 and 95: t. Housing. Bagged salt and dry bul
Page 96 and 97: 4.7. Iron and Manganese ControlIron
Page 98 and 99: Where phosphate treatment is used,
Page 100 and 101: 3. Series and parallel flow piping
Page 102 and 103: approval of the department before u
Page 104 and 105: contact time must be provided to co
Page 106 and 107: a. Sanitary sewers with the approva
Page 108 and 109: 1. Obtain a letter of approval from
Page 110 and 111: 6. The provisions for the final dis
Page 112 and 113: a. Missouri River or Mississippi Ri
Page 114 and 115: 5.0.3. General equipment design.Gen
Page 116 and 117: minimize chemical dust created by t
Page 118 and 119: 1. At least 30 days of chemical sup
Page 120 and 121: e. Hand pumps shall be provided for
Page 122 and 123: 5.2. Chemicals.5.2.1 Shipping conta
Page 124 and 125: outside atmosphere, above grade and
Page 126 and 127: 5.4.2. Acids.a. Acids shall be kept
Page 128 and 129: 4. Anhydrous ammonia contact with c
Page 130 and 131: combustible material.2. Powdered ac
Page 132 and 133: fluoride feed line when a metering
Page 134 and 135: possibility for overfeed.h. Protect
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caution.d. Where taste and odor con
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e installed to monitor the flow of
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the generator dielectrics. Sufficie
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published by the National Fire Prot
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g. Water from pump gland drainage s
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6.3. Pumps.6.3.1.Pumps shall be siz
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6.4.2.2. Suction lines.Suction line
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cessation of minimum essential serv
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parameters: average winter (Decembe
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a. Overflows shall be sized to perm
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additional shielding to prevent the
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largest pump out of service shall b
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7.1.4. CostsAs part of the final en
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7.4. Hydropneumatic Storage7.4.1. H
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provided on larger tanks as needed
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7.5.2. Fire Suppression Rating Sche
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in areas served by rural water dist
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connected directly to any sewer. Su
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8.6.5. Force mains.There shall be a
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8.11.2. Filling device.A filling de
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