Design Guide for Community Water Systems - The Water, Sanitation ...

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possibility for overfeed.h. Protective equipment. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) isrequired when fluoride compounds are handled or when maintenance onfluoridation equipment is performed. The employer should develop awritten program regarding the use of PPE and make this a part of theoperation plan for the system. Safety procedures should be routinelyfollowed and enforced.1. Fluorosilicic acid.a. At a minimum, the operator shall be provided with the followingpersonal protective equipment for normal maintenance and operationof fluorosilicic acid facilities:i. Gauntlet neoprene gloves with cuffs, which should be aminimum length of 12 inches (30.5 cm);ii. Full face shield and splash-proof safety goggles; andiii . Heavy-duty, acid-proof neoprene apron or acid-proofclothing and shoes.b. Specific procedures for handling leaks in bulk storage tanks mustbe included in the required, system, emergency operations plan.c. A safety shower and an eye wash station must be available andeasily accessible.2. Sodium fluoride or sodium fluorosilicate. An eye wash stationshould be available and easily accessible. The operator shall beprovided with the following personal protective equipment:a. A National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)/Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)-approved, N-series particulate respirator (i.e., chemical mask)with a soft rubber face-to-mask seal and replaceable cartridges(49-51);b. Splash-proof safety goggles;c. Gauntlet neoprene gloves, which should be a minimum length ofinches (30.5 cm); andd Heavy-duty, acid-proof neoprene apron.3. Dust control.a. Provision must be made to minimize fluoride dust whentransferring dry fluoride compounds from shipping containers tostorage bins or hoppers. Feeder hoppers shall be provided withan exhaust fan and dust filter that place the hopper under anegative pressure. Air exhausted from the fluoride handlingequipment shall discharge through a dust filter to the outsideatmosphere of the building.b. Provision shall be made for disposing of empty bags, drums, orbarrels in a manner that will minimize exposure to fluoride dusts.A floor drain should be provided to facilitate the hosing of floors.5.5. OzoneAug. 29, 2003Page 116
5.5.1. Ozone Generatora. Capacity.1. The production rating of the ozone generators shall be stated inpounds per day and kw-hr per pound at a maximum cooling watertemperature and maximum ozone concentration.2. The design shall ensure that the minimum concentration of ozone inthe generator exit gas will not be less one percent, by weight.3. Generators shall be sized to have sufficient reserve capacity so thatthe system does not operate at peak capacity for extended periods oftime, which can result in premature breakdown of the dielectrics.4. The production rate of ozone generators will decrease with avariation in the supply temperature of the coolant throughout theyear. Curves or other data shall be used to determine productionchanges due to the temperature change of the supplied coolant. Thedesign shall ensure that the generators can produce the requiredozone at maximum temperature.5. Appropriate ozone generator backup equipment must be provided.b. Electrical.The generators can be low, medium or high frequency type.Specifications shall require that the transformers, electronic circuitry andother electrical hardware be proven, high quality components designedfor ozone service.c. Cooling. The required water flow to an ozone generator varies with theozone production. Normally unit design provides a maximum coolingwater temperature rise of 2.8°C (5°F). The cooling water must beproperly treated to minimize corrosion, scaling and microbiologicalfouling of the water side of the tubes. A closed loop cooling watersystem is often used to ensure proper water conditions are maintained.Where cooling water is treated cross connection control shall beprovided to prevent contamination of the potable water supply.d. Materials. To prevent corrosion, the ozone generator shell and tubesshall be constructed of Type 316L stainless steel.5.5.2. Ozone Contactors.The selection or design of the contactors and method of ozone applicationdepends on the purpose for which the ozone is being used.a. Bubble Diffusers. Where disinfection is the primary application, aminimum of two contact chambers, each equipped with baffles toprevent short-circuiting and induce countercurrent flow, shall beprovided. Ozone shall be applied using porous-tube or dome diffusers.b. The minimum contact time shall be ten minutes. A shorter contact timemay be approved if justified by appropriate design and CTconsiderations.c. For ozone applications in which precipitates are formed , such as withiron and manganese removal, porous diffusers should be used withAug. 29, 2003Page 117
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Design GuideforCommunity Water Syst
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2.18. AUTOMATION. .................
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4.3.11. Waste Disposal. ...........
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CHAPTER 6 -- MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION R
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Maximum Hour Demand -- The amount o
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and deviations are subject to indiv
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(blank)Aug. 29, 2003Page viii
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a. A description of the nature and
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a. Hydrological data, stream flow,
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4. Be conducted under the same oper
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maintaining the new technology and
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1.2.1. Plans shall include:a. Suita
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name, number, effective date, publi
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e. The site will provide all-weathe
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chlorine residual by methods in "St
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etween them, a six-inch band of con
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a. Regulated recreational activitie
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e done to determine the degree and
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1. Pumping rate;2. Pumping water le
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sieve analyses of the water bearing
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e circulated in the annular space s
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emoved. Therefore, every well shoul
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3.2.6.4. Pitless well units.a. The
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SIZE (inches)6 id.8101214 od.161820
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Chapter 4 -- Tre atment4.0. General
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settling basins shall be not less t
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3. Shall have valves located outsid
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d. Be automatic. Timers on automati
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2. Uniformity coefficient not great
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j. During air scour, the backwash w
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. An easily readable meter or flow
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4.3.4. Design Pressure Drop or Tran
Page 84 and 85: 4.3.9. Flow Meters.Totaling rate of
Page 86 and 87: utilized, shall be 1.0 milligrams p
Page 88 and 89: . Removal of precursors prior to ch
Page 90 and 91: 5. Consideration shall be given to
Page 92 and 93: . Pre-treatment requirements. Iron,
Page 94 and 95: t. Housing. Bagged salt and dry bul
Page 96 and 97: 4.7. Iron and Manganese ControlIron
Page 98 and 99: Where phosphate treatment is used,
Page 100 and 101: 3. Series and parallel flow piping
Page 102 and 103: approval of the department before u
Page 104 and 105: contact time must be provided to co
Page 106 and 107: a. Sanitary sewers with the approva
Page 108 and 109: 1. Obtain a letter of approval from
Page 110 and 111: 6. The provisions for the final dis
Page 112 and 113: a. Missouri River or Mississippi Ri
Page 114 and 115: 5.0.3. General equipment design.Gen
Page 116 and 117: minimize chemical dust created by t
Page 118 and 119: 1. At least 30 days of chemical sup
Page 120 and 121: e. Hand pumps shall be provided for
Page 122 and 123: 5.2. Chemicals.5.2.1 Shipping conta
Page 124 and 125: outside atmosphere, above grade and
Page 126 and 127: 5.4.2. Acids.a. Acids shall be kept
Page 128 and 129: 4. Anhydrous ammonia contact with c
Page 130 and 131: combustible material.2. Powdered ac
Page 132 and 133: fluoride feed line when a metering
Page 136 and 137: caution.d. Where taste and odor con
Page 138 and 139: e installed to monitor the flow of
Page 140 and 141: the generator dielectrics. Sufficie
Page 142 and 143: published by the National Fire Prot
Page 144 and 145: g. Water from pump gland drainage s
Page 146 and 147: 6.3. Pumps.6.3.1.Pumps shall be siz
Page 148 and 149: 6.4.2.2. Suction lines.Suction line
Page 150 and 151: cessation of minimum essential serv
Page 152 and 153: parameters: average winter (Decembe
Page 154 and 155: a. Overflows shall be sized to perm
Page 156 and 157: additional shielding to prevent the
Page 158 and 159: largest pump out of service shall b
Page 160 and 161: 7.1.4. CostsAs part of the final en
Page 162 and 163: 7.4. Hydropneumatic Storage7.4.1. H
Page 164 and 165: provided on larger tanks as needed
Page 166 and 167: 7.5.2. Fire Suppression Rating Sche
Page 168 and 169: in areas served by rural water dist
Page 170 and 171: connected directly to any sewer. Su
Page 172 and 173: 8.6.5. Force mains.There shall be a
Page 174: 8.11.2. Filling device.A filling de
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