System Architecture Design

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pSHIELDSystem Architecture DesignPUactive services in order to maximize the life of the battery and consequently the dependability of thesystem itself.3.2 Node Layer Definitions3.2.1 Nano and Micro/Personal NodeA pSHIELD Node is an Embedded System Device (ESD). When a Legacy ESD equipped with severallegacy node capabilities will be used in the pSHIELD network it requires a pSHIELD Node Adapter(pSNA). A pSHIELD node is deployed as a hardware/software platform, encompassing intrinsic,innovative SPD functionalities, providing proper services to the other pSHIELD networks and middlewareadapters to enable the pSHIELD composability and consequently the desired system SPD. There arethree kinds of pSHIELD node deploying each different configuration of Node Layer SPD functionalities ofthe pSHIELD framework, and comprising different types of complexity: Nano nodes, Micro/Personal(NMP) nodes and power nodes. Nano nodes are typically small ESD with limited hardware and softwareresources, such as wireless sensors. Micro/Personal nodes are richer in terms of hardware and softwareresources, network access capabilities, mobility, interfaces, sensing capabilities, etc. Power nodes offerhigh performance computing in one self-contained board offering data storage, networking, memory andmulti-processing. While the three pSHIELD Node types cover a variety of different ESDs, offering differentfunctionalities and SPD capabilities, they share the same conceptual model, enabling the pSHIELDseamless Composability.The technological advancements in computing hardware and software enables a new generation of smallESDs to perform complex computing tasks. Extremely small sensor devices provide advanced sensingand networking capabilities. In parallel, many operating systems targeting these types of devices havebeen developed to increase their performance. The method for designing pSHIELD NMP Nodes istwofold:1. To design completely new NMP nodes that are complaint with the pSHIELD system design.2. To keep legacy node technologies as they are compliant with their standards, developed formany applications including those that are targeted in pSHIELD, which means to assume aheterogeneous infrastructure of networked ESDs like IEEE 802.15.4, IEEE 802.11, etc. Anordinary sensor technology (not all, since we need those that are designed for ES) permits toconsider an augmentation of SPD functionalities at different levels of the hardware and firmwaremodules. This means an enhanced legacy NMP node with physical layer and protocol stackcomposed of existing and new SPD technologies added by pSNA. As result of this integration anew types of networked SPD ESDs will be created. pSHIELD and new SPD ESDs will composea heterogeneous SPD network infrastructure too.Developing a NMP node as integrated NMP-SPD Node of a Legacy NMP node and pSNA we obtain acomposable pSHIELD Node. It means that it has all of the desired SPD functionalities and services for thepSHIELD application scenario selected. Additionally to that, the pSHIELD Node keeps some of thedesired functionalities of a standardised sensor technology with additional SPD features that make itcomposable into the pSHIELD framework. The architectural design of the pSHIELD Nodes will relay onthe ISO/IEC 9126 standard that has 6 top level characteristics:• functionality,• reliability,• usability,PUD2.3.2Issue 5 Page 28 of 122
pSHIELDSystem Architecture DesignPU• efficiency,• maintainability and• portability.The architectural design of the NMP nodes is not an easy architectural task since it requires consideringmany different constraints at the same times. Some of these constraints can converge in the samedirection but some of them will be divergent and in the opposite directions. To cope with this challengearchitectural design, as shown in section 4, the pSHIELD ESD use two approaches:- network approach and- functional approach.The network approach constrained the architectural system design from network point of view. Thisapproach should guarantee that all NMP nodes are part of a pSHIELD-SPD network that can be easilyintegrated with standard IP-based network like GSM, UMTS, etc. In other words it means that an SPDnetwork is implementable and interoperable with standard networks to comply the main business cases ofthe application scenarios.The functional approach constrained architectural design from the SPD requirements point of view and itis related to the node, network, middleware and overlay layers. The real innovation of pSHIELD is theintroduction of the Overlay that makes the two approaches converge.Nano- and micro- sensor technology encompasses the family of devices in the dimension scales ofnanometers and micrometers respectively. They are simple machines with limited capabilities andresources that include sensing, simple computations, small memory and data transmission in shortdistances. Biological sensors, inside the human body and sensors integrated in things, such as books orkeys are two example types of nano- and micro- sensing. The rise of these two technologies (andcombinational schemes of them) is expected to have great impact in many aspects of social life, such ashomeland security or environmental protection.Nano- and micro- sensor technology encompasses the family of devices in the dimension scales ofnanometers and micrometers respectively. They are simple machines with limited capabilities andresources that include sensing, simple computations, small memory and data transmission in shortdistances. Biological sensors, inside the human body and sensors integrated in things, such as books orkeys are two example types of nano- and micro- sensing. The rise of these two technologies (andcombinational schemes of them) is expected to have great impact in many aspects of social life, such ashomeland security or environmental protection.Such devices are often integrated in larger units to form nano- or micro-machines dedicated to sensing oractuation functionalities. Interconnections of these machines create networks able to serve applications inlarger areas, expanding the degree of range and complexity. Further, these networks can communicatewith other networks or connect on Internet based applications to make the distribution of information evenmore widespread.Nano-engineering is one of the new eras of technological challenge and the research is on going. In thiscontext, the communication techniques of these networks are still immaturely standardized. It is usuallynot crystal clear how these small devices communicate. Furthermore, a lot depend on the topology, thecomponents and network architecture of the specific application. It is self-evident that the development ofPUD2.3.2Issue 5 Page 29 of 122
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System Architecture Design

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