System Architecture Design

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pSHIELDSystem Architecture DesignPUnanonetworks implies the arrangement of a wide set of parameters (just like every communicationnetwork), including:• Architectural framework (sensors, routers, gateways)• Frequency band of operation• Channel modelling (path-loss, noise, bandwidth and capacity)• Modulation• Protocols (MAC addressing, routing, service discovery)Therefore, a brief technical summary of the pSHIELD nano- and micro- platform is considered useful, incontrast to further theoretical definitions.The pilot demonstrator of pSHIELD uses the Sun SPOT sensor platform as micro node. Sun SPOT is auseful platform for developing and prototyping application for sensor network and embedded system. SunSPOT is suitable for application areas such as robotics, surveillance and tracking.3.2.1.1 Technology DescriptionThe SPD goal for the NMPS node prototypes is to take in consideration the following design constrains:I. For RT scenario, which belongs also to critical infrastructure (CI), high security of WSNscomposed of secured NMPS nodes is compulsory.II. NMPS nodes are energy and resources-constrained.III. Secure ES firmware, secure boot, secure upgrade mechanisms, and TCG technologies areneeded for enhancing security.Development platform should have two separate prototypes:1. NMPS node platform2. TPM platformThe choice of the processor and memory performance is very important since the program memory sizeddefies performance (MIPS) and computational time (ms). Selection of all other components for bothplatforms is constrained with constrains I, II and III.3.2.1.2 NMPS node prototypeBefore we decided which type of tiny sensor node will well suited with the pSHIELD requirements weinvestigated many suitable solutions. Fig illustrates the most recent sensor platforms that can be used forNMPS node (generic sensing type or gateway). For video applications the current sensor node platformsare showing lack of processing power and memory sizes. Therefore, low-resolution image sensors areconsidered for NMPS node. Additional goals for the NMPS node are:• The node should have the memory-performance size 100-1000 KB and 10-100 MIPS.• WSNs will multi-tier type. For example Tier “0” is has nano nodes, tier “1” micro/personal nodes,and tier “2” more powerful micro/personal nodes as gateways, and tier “3” has power nodes.• The NMPS nodes should be able to connect: low-resolution camera, passive infrared (PIR),acoustic/ultrasound, temperature, pressure, humidity, etc.PUD2.3.2Issue 5 Page 30 of 122
pSHIELDSystem Architecture Design• It should have sufficient low power consumption when is used with a battery.• It should allow a wide range of applications.• USB interface for programming the applications and data retrieval.PU• Separate USB interface will be for radio module.• To connect the image sensor and other sensors an expansion connector is used.3.2.1.2.1 Microcontroller/Microprocessor comparisonFirst of all, choose of a microcontroller unit (MCU) based on several requirements such as low powerconsumption, rich on-chip peripherals, RAM and ROM, etc. Table below shows the comparison of theMCUs.MCU RAM (kB) FLASH (kB) Active (mA) Sleep (μA) Sensor NodesAtmega128(Atmel)4 128 8 20 DSY25, EberNet,BT node, Iris,MicaZ, Mica2AT91SAM7128 32 128 30 10 Evaluated(Atmel)Atmega644/V4 64 0.4 0.1 TelG Mote(Atmel)STM32W108B*STMicroelectronics8 128 6@12MHz
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System Architecture Design

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