Access to substance abuse treatment in the Cape Town metropole ...

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counsellors” and other professionals working in the substance abusetreatment field. This body would also be responsible for the certification of“addiction counsellors.”o Such a body should be staffed by competent individuals withsuitable counseling qualifications and adequate experience in thesubstance abuse treatment fieldo This Board should have statutory powers and should be guided byevidence-based practice and ethical principles.• All staff should remain current in their knowledge and training by attendingcourses and training workshops. This should be a requirement of ongoingregistration and accreditation.135
REFERENCESAday, L.A., & Awe, W.C. (1997). Health Services Utilization models. In D. Gochman(Ed.), Handbook of health behaviour research: Determinants of Health Behaviour. NY:Plenum Publishing corporation.Aday, L.A., Begley, C.E., Lairson, D.R., Slater, C.H., Richard, A.J., & Montoya, I.D.(1999). A framework for assessing the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity ofbehavioural health care. The American Journal of Managed Care, 5: 25-44.Allard, Scott W., Richard M. Tolman and Daniel Rosen. 2003. The Geography of Need:Spatial Distribution of Barriers to Employment in Metropolitan Detroit. The Policy StudiesJournal, 31: 293-306.Andersen, R. (1968). A Behavioral Model of Families’ Use of Health Services. Center forHealth Administration Studies Research Series no. 25. Chicago:Il Chicago Center forHealth Administraiton Studies, University of Chicago.Andersen, R.M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical caredoes it matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36: 1–10.Andersen, R.M., & Davidson, P.L. (1996). Access to medical care: measurement andtrends. In R.M. Andersen, T.H. Rice, G.F. Kominski (Eds.) Changing the US health caresystem: key issues in health services, policy and management. San Francisco: JoseyBass Publishers.Andersen, R., & Davidson, P. (1997). Ethnicity, aging, and oral health outcomes: Aconceptual framework. Advances in Dental Research, 11: 203-209.Andersen, R.M., & Newman, J.F. (1973). Societal and individual determinants ofmedical care utilization in the United States. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 51: 95–124.Appel, P.W., Ellison, A.A., Jansky, H.K., & Oldak, R. (2004). Barriers to enrollment indrug abuse treatment and suggestions for reducing them: Opinions of drug injectingstreet outreach clients and other system stakeholders. American Journal of Drug andAlcohol Abuse, 30, 129–153.136
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Access to substance abuse treatment
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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..............
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5.4. SUMMARY.......................
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al., 2004; Reddy et al., 2003; Shis
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1.3. IS ACCESS TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE T
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1.4.2. Racial disparities in the ne
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illegally and are unregulated by th
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CONCEPTUAL MODELThis study’s conc
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presenting problems and ability to
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need for services is the most immed
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This study focuses specifically on
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METHOD3.1. STUDY AIMS & OBJECTIVESA
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the researcher to explore possible
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esidential areas from each of the s
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3.3.2.4. Data collection: controlsF
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o Problem recognition, Desire for h
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Table 1.Domains and measures compri
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The 19-item MOS-SSS measures functi
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information on the accessibility of
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RESULTS: PHASE ONE4.1. VARIABLES AS
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efficacy to stop using drugs for mo
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(Table 6). Effect sizes were large
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were 2.4 times more likely to not a
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esteem scales (Table 9). Stigma als
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Table 10.Logistic regression coeffi
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4.2.2. Model 2: Predisposing variab
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poverty scale, and the variable “
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of the model increased significantl
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controls had greater self-efficacy
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and R1000 per month than their fema
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subjects earning less than R500 per
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and race (Table 16). This indicates
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were 3 times more likely to earn le
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(which are higher for Black/African
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substance use or remain abstinent d
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monetary needs rise, subjects repor
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with improved awareness of services
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4.4.4.4. Predictors of “community
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• In historically disadvantaged c
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RESULTS: PHASE TWODuring qualitativ
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5.1.1.3. Government’s responses t
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“Part of the government's agenda
Page 85 and 86: putting extra strain and pressure o
Page 87 and 88: The impact of availability and affo
Page 89 and 90: availability of affordable services
Page 91 and 92: completed a hospital-based detoxifi
Page 93 and 94: “I have thirty beds that are unus
Page 95 and 96: “I don't see it amongst the bona
Page 97 and 98: going to be a good day. So, yes it
Page 99 and 100: in the fourth week they relapse, it
Page 101 and 102: esponses to treatment, in part, are
Page 103 and 104: • Awareness of appropriate treatm
Page 105 and 106: This perception is prevalent in Col
Page 107 and 108: substance abuse problem - without a
Page 109 and 110: o These community influences are lo
Page 111 and 112: 6.2.1. Awareness of substance abuse
Page 113 and 114: informational support can improve a
Page 115 and 116: salient for low-income groups who h
Page 117 and 118: diminishing self-efficacy and motiv
Page 119 and 120: self-efficacy and negative percepti
Page 121 and 122: 6.3. TREATMENT SYSTEM FACTORS ASSOC
Page 123 and 124: This study found that limited resou
Page 125 and 126: 6.4. RECOMMENDATIONSBased on study
Page 127 and 128: • As findings suggest that female
Page 129 and 130: • While the affordability of trea
Page 131 and 132: To address these barriers, we argue
Page 133 and 134: o To ensure objectivity, this needs
Page 135: egistration process should gather i
Page 139 and 140: First, MB; Spitzer, RL; Gibbon, M;
Page 141 and 142: Myers, B., & Parry, C.D.H. (2005).
Page 143 and 144: Ross, M.W., Williams, M.L., Timpson
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