Access to substance abuse treatment in the Cape Town metropole ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 16. Independent sample t tests for continuous variables by raceVariablesBlack/African(N = 279)Coloured(N = 276)t value df Effectsize (d)Mean (SD) Mean (SD)Predisposing variablesNeighbourhood drug abuse 1.54 (0.62) 1.24 (0.46) 6.68*** 511 0.55NES 40.96 (2.72) 43.78 (3.49) -10.59*** 519 0.90Treatment concerns 27.86 (8.65) 31.61 (6.05) -5.41*** 522 0.50Community views: access to tx 3.55 (0.59) 3.73 (0.53) -9.36*** 483 0.32Treatment effectiveness beliefs 34.02 (8.87) 38.02 (7.10) -3.83*** 547 0.50Need for treatment variablesDrug dependence severity 10.26 (1.19) 9.97 (1.63) 2.40* 503 0.20Perceived AOD severity 2.96 (1.39) 2.60 (1.34) 3.10** 553 0.26Socrates-composite 54.14 (10.56) 51.84 (16.38) 1.97* 469 0.17TCU DH 33.53 (6.79) 30.76 (10.20) 3.77*** 478 0.32Age first used drugs 18.59 (3.81) 19.91 (3.67) -4.14*** 553 0.35Enabling/restricting variablesSocial trust 47.91 (8.750 45.55 (8.98) 3.13** 553 0.27Number of tx centres aware of 0.65 (0.68) 1.47 (1.05) -10.86*** 469 0.93Affordability barriers 39.81 (5.81) 37.70 (6.48) 4.03*** 553 0.34Distance to treatment 3.74 (0.49) 3.99 (0.36) 4.54*** 511 0.58Delays in treatment 35.32 (4.77) 39.96 (5.79) -10.32*** 553 0.87Perceived utility 23.69 (9.12) 25.78 (9.89) -2.58** 548 0.22Community stigma 53.23 (6.55) 57.38(7.94) -6.72*** 531 0.61Stigma consciousness 7.31 (1.48) 7.95 (1.51) -5.07*** 552 0.43Depression 30.38 (6.45) 34.67 (7.57) -7.20*** 553 0.57Anxiety 30.25 (8.12) 38.02 (7.33) -11.84*** 548 1.00* " < .05; ** " < .01; *** " < .0014.3.3.3. Enabling/restricting factorsLegal income was the only categorical enabling variable significantly associatedwith race (Table 15). For this variable, each response category was transformedinto a dummy variable and further Chi-square tests were conducted. Two ofthese variables were significantly associated with race: Black/African controls63
were 3 times more likely to earn less than R500 per month than Colouredcontrols. In contrast, Coloured controls had almost 3 times greater odds ofearning between R501 and R1000 per month than Black/African controls.For continuous enabling variables that predicted access to treatment,Black/African controls reported significantly higher affordability and awarenessbarriers than their Coloured counterparts (Table 16). A very large effect wasfound for the association between race and number of known treatment centres,with Black/Africans knowing significantly fewer facilities than Coloured controls.In contrast, Coloured respondents who did not access services reportedsignificantly more barriers related to delays in accessing care (due togatekeepers and waiting times), barriers related to perceived utility andappropriateness of services, and higher levels of community (external) stigmatowards drug users and internalized stigma (stigma consciousness) than theirBlack/African counterparts. Coloured respondents who did not access servicesalso reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression than theirBlack/African counterparts. The effect sizes for these associations were strongand moderate, respectively. Coloured controls also reported significantly lowerlevels of social trust (an indicator of social capital) than their Colouredcounterparts (Table 16).Given that larger effect sizes were found on predisposing and enabling variablesthan need for treatment variables, it seems that greater differences between therace groups occur on predisposing and enabling variables compared to treatmentneed variables. This implies that interventions need to be targeted to specificcommunities.4.3.4. Factors that differentiate between Black/African and Colouredsubjects that did not access treatmentTo identify factors associated with access that differentiate betweenBlack/African and Coloured substance abusers who do not access treatment, a64
Page 1 and 2:
Access to substance abuse treatment
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..............
Page 5 and 6:
5.4. SUMMARY.......................
Page 7 and 8:
al., 2004; Reddy et al., 2003; Shis
Page 9 and 10:
1.3. IS ACCESS TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE T
Page 11 and 12:
1.4.2. Racial disparities in the ne
Page 13 and 14: illegally and are unregulated by th
Page 15 and 16: CONCEPTUAL MODELThis study’s conc
Page 17 and 18: presenting problems and ability to
Page 19 and 20: need for services is the most immed
Page 21 and 22: This study focuses specifically on
Page 23 and 24: METHOD3.1. STUDY AIMS & OBJECTIVESA
Page 25 and 26: the researcher to explore possible
Page 27 and 28: esidential areas from each of the s
Page 29 and 30: 3.3.2.4. Data collection: controlsF
Page 31 and 32: o Problem recognition, Desire for h
Page 33 and 34: Table 1.Domains and measures compri
Page 35 and 36: The 19-item MOS-SSS measures functi
Page 37 and 38: information on the accessibility of
Page 39 and 40: RESULTS: PHASE ONE4.1. VARIABLES AS
Page 41 and 42: efficacy to stop using drugs for mo
Page 43 and 44: (Table 6). Effect sizes were large
Page 45 and 46: were 2.4 times more likely to not a
Page 47 and 48: esteem scales (Table 9). Stigma als
Page 49 and 50: Table 10.Logistic regression coeffi
Page 51 and 52: 4.2.2. Model 2: Predisposing variab
Page 53 and 54: poverty scale, and the variable “
Page 55 and 56: of the model increased significantl
Page 57 and 58: controls had greater self-efficacy
Page 59 and 60: and R1000 per month than their fema
Page 61 and 62: subjects earning less than R500 per
Page 63: and race (Table 16). This indicates
Page 67 and 68: (which are higher for Black/African
Page 69 and 70: substance use or remain abstinent d
Page 71 and 72: monetary needs rise, subjects repor
Page 73 and 74: with improved awareness of services
Page 75 and 76: 4.4.4.4. Predictors of “community
Page 77 and 78: • In historically disadvantaged c
Page 79 and 80: RESULTS: PHASE TWODuring qualitativ
Page 81 and 82: 5.1.1.3. Government’s responses t
Page 83 and 84: “Part of the government's agenda
Page 85 and 86: putting extra strain and pressure o
Page 87 and 88: The impact of availability and affo
Page 89 and 90: availability of affordable services
Page 91 and 92: completed a hospital-based detoxifi
Page 93 and 94: “I have thirty beds that are unus
Page 95 and 96: “I don't see it amongst the bona
Page 97 and 98: going to be a good day. So, yes it
Page 99 and 100: in the fourth week they relapse, it
Page 101 and 102: esponses to treatment, in part, are
Page 103 and 104: • Awareness of appropriate treatm
Page 105 and 106: This perception is prevalent in Col
Page 107 and 108: substance abuse problem - without a
Page 109 and 110: o These community influences are lo
Page 111 and 112: 6.2.1. Awareness of substance abuse
Page 113 and 114: informational support can improve a
Page 115 and 116:
salient for low-income groups who h
Page 117 and 118:
diminishing self-efficacy and motiv
Page 119 and 120:
self-efficacy and negative percepti
Page 121 and 122:
6.3. TREATMENT SYSTEM FACTORS ASSOC
Page 123 and 124:
This study found that limited resou
Page 125 and 126:
6.4. RECOMMENDATIONSBased on study
Page 127 and 128:
• As findings suggest that female
Page 129 and 130:
• While the affordability of trea
Page 131 and 132:
To address these barriers, we argue
Page 133 and 134:
o To ensure objectivity, this needs
Page 135 and 136:
egistration process should gather i
Page 137 and 138:
REFERENCESAday, L.A., & Awe, W.C. (
Page 139 and 140:
First, MB; Spitzer, RL; Gibbon, M;
Page 141 and 142:
Myers, B., & Parry, C.D.H. (2005).
Page 143 and 144:
Ross, M.W., Williams, M.L., Timpson
show all

Access to substance abuse treatment in the Cape Town metropole ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?