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24 BIBLIOGRAPHY.respecting the developmental phenomena of the class in generalis of theutmost value.The same decade, conspicuous for the substantial progress effectedtowards a more accurate and extensive knowledge of the Infusoria atthe hands of Stein, Claparede, and Lachmann, includes divers othernames which, although not similarly associated with the authorship ofseparate treatises, hold a deservedly high place in the annals of infusorialliterature. That of Balbiani is especially noteworthy in this direction, hehaving been the first, in the year 1858,supposed longitudinalto announce that the hithertofission of Paramecium aurelia and various otheranimalcules, was not an act of division at all, but one of genetic or sexualunion, attended with complex internal changes, as detailed at length in thechapter devoted to an account of the reproductive phenomena of this class.Max Schultze's name, though more intimately connected with thehistory of the Rhizopodous section of the Protozoa, demands noticehere, he having in the years 1860 and 1861 developed and modifiedto a marked extent the unicellular theory of the Infusoria first originatedby Von Siebold. By this author the frequent absence from,and non-essentiality a of, bounding membrane or distinct cell-wall tomany lower unicellular protozoic structures, was especially insisted on,the probability also being suggested that many, such as ActinosphceriumEicJwrnii, and others possessing a multiplicity of nucleus-like structures,were composed of a greater or less number of wall-less cells indistinguishablyamalgamated with each other. Further, Max Schultze in his demonstrationthat the soft plastic contents only, independently of an outer boundingwall, constitute the very essence or essential factor of cell organization,proposed to distinguish this soft and contractile substance by the characteristictitle of " protoplasm " in contradistinction to that of " sarcode,"introduced in a somewhat similar but narrower sense some years previouslyby Dujardin. With this author there also originated the brilliantand fortunate conception that the cell-contents of all animal and vegetableorganisms were composed of a similar simple protoplasmic basis, suchforms again, in their simplest expression, as in an Amceba, consisting ofa mere animated speck or lump of undifferentiated protoplasm. MaxSchultze's interpretation concerning the probable composite structure ofcertain Rhizopoda and Radiolaria received substantial confirmation at thehands of Ernst Haeckel, in his magnificent monograph of the Radiolaria,published in the year 1862.Stein, already mentioned as having in the year 1854 published animportant work devoted more especially to the organization of the Vorticellidae and their supposed associated Acinetce, gave abundant evidenceof continued activity in the same field by the production, in the year 1859,of the first volume of the folio series still in course of progress, having as itsaim the description and illustration of all known infusorial forms. In thisvolume Stein carried into practical application the new system of classifica-