LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

7 Adverbs7.3 Adverbial phrases of duration7.3A 'Since', 'for' and 'ago' [> LEG 7.31,7.32,9.18]Study:та1 'Since' + a point of time [> 7.2A] answers Since when? We use since with the present perfectto mark a period lasting till now: / haven't seen him since January. [> 9.5A, 10.2D]2 'For' + period of time answers How long?VJe use for to refer to periods of time:- in the past: My wife and I worked in America for five months.- in the future: John will be staying in New York for two weeks.- in the present perfect: I've known Susan for five years. [> 9.5A, 10.2D]3 Period of time + 'ago' answers How long ago? and marks the start of a period going back fromnow. We use ago with the simple past [> 9.3C]: I arrived here two months ago.Write 1 :Write 2:Show where since or ago will fit into these sentences.SiMce- кИгш Льсшс...1 When have you been interested in jazz? 42 I saw your mother a week. 53 I started work here seven months. 6Show where since or for will fit into these sentences.... for fwf. ишп...1 They lived here five years before moving. 42 They have lived here 1984. 53 I've known him six years. 6I saw her last week and haven't seen her.I haven't been home 1987.How long did you become a director?I've been expecting a letter weeks.I've been expecting a letter last week.I've enjoyed jazz I was a boy.7.3B 'Till' (or 'until') and 'by' [> LEG I.34]Study:1 Some verbs naturally refer to 'periods of time' or 'continuity' [> 9.5B]:e.g. learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep, stand, stay, wait and work.2 Till (or until) and by mean 'any time before and not later than'.We cannot use by at all with these 'continuity' verbs. (Not 'I'll wait here by 5 o'clock.')We can only use till (or until) with these verbs:I'll wait here till (or until) 5 o'clock. I won't wait here till (or until) 5 o'clock.3 We use by with verbs which do not refer to periods of time.We can think of these as 'point of time verbs': e.g. arrive, come, finish, go, leave:She will arrive by 5. (= any time before and not later than 5.)She won't arrive by 5. She'll arrive at 6.4 We use till or until with 'point of time verbs' only in the negative.She won't arrive till (or until) 5. (But not 'She will arrive till 5. *)94Write:Supply by or till.1 I'll wait tiM;.. Monday before answering his letter.2 I intend to stay in bed 10 o'clock tomorrow morning.3 Your suit will be ready Friday.4 Your suit won't be ready Friday. You can collect it then.5 Your suit won't be ready Friday. You can collect it next Monday.6 I'm sure I will have left Monday.7 Your aunt says she won't leave Monday. Monday's the day she's going to leave.