LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

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16.2 The bare infinitive or the '-ing' form; the to-infinitive16.2C '(Not) to', 'so as (not) to', 'in order (not) to' [> LEG 16.2,16.12-18]1 We use to, so as to and in order to to express purpose [compare > 1.1OA]:I went to France to learn French. I went to France so as to/in order to learn French.We can also use the to-infinitive (not *so as to* "in order to") to express sequence:We came home after our holidays to find the house neat and tidy. (= and found)2 We use not to for alternatives:I went to France not to learn Spanish, but to learn French.3 We use so as not to and in order not to to express 'negative purpose' (Not "to not"):I shut the door quietly so as not to/in order not to wake the baby.4 We use the to-infinitive after many verbs like appear, arrange, hope, 'd like, and wantHe told me to phone home. I hope to see you soon. I want to travel abroad.Note the difference in meaning between these negatives:He didn't tell me to phone home. He told me not to phone home.Write:Use to, so as to, in order to in these sentences. Alternatives are sometimes possible.1 I went to town some shopping, (do)2 He covered the floor with a sheet paint on it. (not splash)3 I got out some more chairs for the other guests on. (sit)4 Can you arrange for me the doctor tomorrow? (see)5 We came home the house had been burgled, (find)6 She left home (never return)7 I'd like to the States for a holiday one year, (go)8 We would like at your party, (have been)9 Mr Smith wants you later, (see)10 He appears all about our arrangement, (have forgotten)11 The keeper told us the monkeys, (not feed)12 She told us to feed the hens. She the horses, (not tell us/feed)16.2D ContextWrite:Go left! Go rightPut in the correct forms of the infinitive or -ing.THIS WAY! THAT WAY!In a split second, when no one was paying attention, the two prisoners escapedfrom the back of the police van. They were handcuffed to each other. It was minutesbefore a policeman saw them (run)down the street. 'We'llfollow,' two policemen said. 'Have the driver (bring) 2the van tothe end of the road. Tell him (not let) 3them get away. If we're notcareful, we'll have the whole neighbourhood (complain) 4thatwe've been careless.' The prisoners were still running side by side. The policemensaw them (race) 5 up the hill and (disappear) 6round a corner. 'We'll never catch them now!' one of them said. 'I told you (notleave) 7them unattended.' The prisoners were running at topspeed. Suddenly, they saw a lamp post in front of them 'Go left! Go right' they eachshouted at the same time. They ran on either side of the lamp post. It just took timefor the police (find) 8them, lying on the pavement, unhurt, dazed,and with silly grins on their faces.229
16.8 The to-infinitive or the '-ing' form?16.316.3AStudy:[**]Verb (+ noun/pronoun) + foinfinitive'He can't afford to buy it' [> LEG 16.19, App 46]Some verbs are followed only by a to-infinitive, not by -ing or that...:e.g. can('t) afford, aim, apply, fail, hasten, hurry, manage, offer, prepare, refuse, seek:He can't afford to buy a car. (Not *He can't afford buying/He can't afford that ...*).Write:16.3BStudy:[**]Rewrite these sentences to begin with the words in italics.1 He'd like to buy a car. He can't afford it2 I didn't pass my driving test. I failed.3 He'll pay for all of us. He's offering4 Can you move the desk on your own? Can you manage5 He wants to join the army. He's just applied.6 Apologize to her? I refuse'I want (you) to speak to him' [> LEG 16.20, App 46.1]We use a to-infinitive after these verbs:ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help [> 16.1С], like, love, need, prefer, want, wish:I want to speak to the manager. (= I will speak to the manager)Or we can use a noun or pronoun before the infinitive:/ want you to speak to the manager. (= You will speak ...) Not ( */ want that you... *)Write:16.3CStudy:[**]Complete these sentences so that they refer to other people.1 I don't want to speak to the manager. I want2 She doesn't expect to pay. She expects3 I don't want to write to them. I'd like4 I don't want anyone to know about it. I'd hate5 You won't listen to me. How many times do I have to ask ?6 I can't do the job myself. I need7 We can't move it. Perhaps you can help [> 16.1С]'He advised me to take out a loan' [> LEG 16.21]These verbs always have an object before the to-infinitive:advise, allow, entitle, forbid, invite, order, remind, (it) takes, teach, tell, warn:My bank manager advised me to take out a loan, [compare > 15.5A]Write:Complete these sentences using an object + to-infinitive after the verbs.1 Take out a loan. My bank manager advised2 She didn't peel the potatoes. You didn't tell3 We work hard. Our teacher taught4 The soldiers fired. The officer ordered5 You can apply for free travel. This certificate entitles6 The public should not approach this man. The police have warned7 My wife and I play tennis. My boss invited230
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LONGMANENGLISH GRAMMARPRACTICEfor i
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Addison Wesley Longman LimitedEdinb
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Contents6 Adjectives so6.1 Formatio
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AcknowledgementsDifferent versions
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1 The sentence1.1 Sentence word ord
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1.2 The simple sentence: verbs with
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1.3 The simple sentence: direct and
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1.4 The compound sentenceWrite 2:Co
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1.5 The complex sentence: noun clau
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1.6 The complex sentence: relative
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1.7 The complex sentence: 'whose';
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1.8 The complex sentence: time, pla
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1.9 The complex sentence: reason an
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1.10 The complex sentence: purpose,
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1.11 The complex sentence: present
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1.12 The complex sentence: perfect/
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2.1 One-word nouns2.1 С Nouns and
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2.2 Compound nouns2.2C Compound nou
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2.3 Countable and uncountable nouns
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2.4 Countable and uncountable nouns
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2.5 Number (singular and plural) (1
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2.5 Number (singular and plural) (1
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2.7 Gender2.7ВStudy:i**iIdentifyin
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2.8 The genitive2.8CThe use of 's a
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3.1 The indefinite article: 'a/an'
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3.5 The zero article (1)3.5B The ze
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3.5 The zero article (1)3.6C Zero a
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4.1 Personal pronouns4.1 С Gender
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4.2 'One'4.2C 'Which one(s)?' - 'Th
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4.3 'It' and 'one/some/any/none'4.3
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4.4 Possessive adjectives and posse
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4.5 Reflexive pronouns ('myself')4.
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4.6 Demonstrative adjectives/pronou
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5.1 Quantifiers + countable and unc
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5.2 General and specific references
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5.3 Uses of 'some', 'any', 'no' and
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5.4 'Much', 'many', 'a lot of, '(a)
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5.5 'Both' and 'all'5.5C 'Both' and
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5.6 'All (the)', '(a/the) whole', '
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5.7 'Another', '(the) other(s)', 'e
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6.1 Formation of adjectives6.1CComp
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6.2 Position of adjectives6.2C Adje
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6.3 Adjectives that behave like nou
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6.4 Adjectives after 'be', 'seem',
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6.5 The comparison of adjectives6.5
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7.4 Adverbs of frequency7.1 С Adje
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7.4 Adverbs of frequency7.2B 'Still
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7.3 Adverbial phrases of duration7.
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7.4 Adverbs of frequency7.4C Adverb
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7.4 Adverbs of frequencyWrite:Add q
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7.6 Intensifiers7.6B Adverbs in pla
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7.7 Focus adverbs7.7D 'Also' and 'a
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7.8 Viewpoint adverbs, connecting a
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8.1 Prepositions, adverb particles
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8.2 Prepositions of movement and po
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8.3 Particular prepositions, partic
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8.6 Phrasal verbs: Type 1, verb + p
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9.1 The simple present and present
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9.3 The simple past tense9.3C Uses
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9.5 The simple present perfect and
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9.6 The simple past perfect and pas
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9.7 The simple future tenseWrite:Su
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9.8 The simple future, the future p
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9.9 'Going to' and other ways of ex
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9.10 The imperative9.1 ОСStudy:Th
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10.1 'Be' as a full verb (1)10.1CSt
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10.2 'Be' as a full verb (2)Write:S
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10.3 'There' + 'be'10.3C Combinatio
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10.4 Verbs related in meaning to 'b
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10.5 'Have' as a full verb = 'posse
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10.6 'Have' as a full verb meaning
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10.7 'Do' as a full verb10.7B 'Do'
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11.1 The two uses of modal verbs4 I
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11.2 Uses of modals (etc.) to expre
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11.5 Uses of modals to express dedu
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11.6 Uses of modals for offers, req
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11.7 Expressing wishes, etc.: I wis
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11.8 Expressing preferences: 'would
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11.9 'It's advisable ...'/'It's nec
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11.10 'It isn't advisable ...'/'It
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11.11 Modals to express habit: 'use
Page 186 and 187: 11.12 'Need' and 'dare' as modals a
Page 188 and 189: 11.13 'Would/wouldn't'; 'that... sh
Page 190 and 191: 12.1 General information about form
Page 192 and 193: 12.2 Uses of the passive12.2C The p
Page 194 and 195: 12.3 Form and use of the causativeW
Page 196 and 197: 13.1 Yes/No questions, negative sta
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Page 200 and 201: 13.3 Tag questions and echo tags13.
Page 202 and 203: 13.4 Additions and responsesWrite:1
Page 204 and 205: 13.5 Question-word questions (1): '
Page 210 and 211: 13.8 Subject-questions: 'Who?', 'Wh
Page 212 and 213: 13.9 Questions about alternatives;
Page 214 and 215: 14.1 Type 1 conditionals14.1 С 'If
Page 216 and 217: 14.1 Type 1 conditionals14.2C 'If +
Page 219 and 220: 14 Conditional sentences14.414.4ASt
Page 222 and 223: 15.1 Direct speechWrite:15.1 СStud
Page 225 and 226: 15 Direct and indirect speech15.3 I
Page 227 and 228: 15 Direct and indirect speech15.4 I
Page 229 and 230: 15 Direct and indirect speech15.5 U
Page 231 and 232: 15 Direct and indirect speech15.6 W
Page 233 and 234: 16 The infinitive and the '-ing' fo
Page 235: 16.8 The to-infinitive or the '-ing
Page 239 and 240: 16.8 The to-infinitive or the '-ing
Page 249 and 250: IndexAa/an. 3.1-2: general statemen
Page 251 and 252: Indexcontinuous tenses - friendlyco
Page 253 and 254: Index-ing form - Mr, Mrs, Dr, etc.-
Page 255 and 256: Indexother - question tagsother: ot
Page 257 and 258: Indexstatements-verbsstatements (co
Page 259 and 260: Key to exercisesI The sentence1.1 S
Page 261 and 262: Key 11.11A-11.13E1.5C Noun clauses
Page 263 and 264: Key 11.11A-11.13E1.10 The complex s
Page 265 and 266: Key 11.11A-11.13E2.3 Countable and
Page 267 and 268: Key 11.11A-11.13E3.1 С Describing
Page 269 and 270: Key 11.11A-11.13E4.2B 'One' and 'on
Page 271 and 272: Key 11.11A-11.13E5.3 Uses of 'some'
Page 273 and 274: Key 11.11A-11.13E6.3C Context1 the
Page 275 and 276: Key 11.11A-11.13EWrite 2:1 ... for
Page 277 and 278: Key 11.11A-11.13E7.8 Viewpoint adve
Page 279 and 280: Key 11.11A-11.13E8.7D ContextI (-)
Page 281 and 282: Key 11.11A-11.13E9.5 The simple pre
Page 283 and 284: Key10.1 A-10.3D10 Be, Have, Do10.1
Page 285 and 286: Key 11.11A-11.13E10.7 Do' as a full
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Key 11.11A-11.13E11.5 Uses of modal
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Key11.11A-11.13E11.11 Modals to exp
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Key 11.11A-11.13EWrite 2:1a She had
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Key11.11A-11.13E13.5 Question-word
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Key14.1 A-14.3A14 Conditional sente
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Key15.1B-15.3A15.1B Quotation marks
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Key15.5B-16.1C15.5B Offers, suggest
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Key 11.11A-11.13E16.4B Adjectives w
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LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

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