LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

8.1 Prepositions, adverb particles and conjunctions8.78.7AStudy:153Phrasal verbs: Type 2, verb + particle (transitive)Type 1 and Type 2 phrasal verbs compared [> LEG 8.28, Apps 32,33]1 We use prepositions after Type 1 verbs. We cannot separate the preposition from the verb:I'm looking at the camera. (Not *I'm looking the camera at. *)2 We can separate the adverb particle from a Type 2 verb and put it immediately after the nounobject: She gave away her books. She gave her books away.3 If the object is a pronoun, we cannot put the particle in front of it:Give it away. (Not *Give away it. *) Give them away. (Not *Give away them. *)4 Special note: In She gave away her books, away is an adverb particle [> 8.1 B], not a preposition,even if it has an object after it. Unlike a preposition, a particle is 'mobile' and can be used beforeor after a noun object. [> LEG 8.28.2]Write:8.7BStudy:53Use arrows to show which adverb particles you can move in these sentences.1 I'm looking for my glasses. 6 Yes, I've given them out.2 I read about it in the papers. 7 Write the information down here please.3 Did you turn'the gas^? 8 A crowd emerged from the cinema.4 Yes, I've just turned it off. 9 Don't associate with him.5 Have you given the papers out? 10 We've dealt with the problem.Type 2: Particles that extend the verb: 'write down' [> LEG 8.28.3-4, App 32]A single particle can strengthen or extend the meaning of a verb:a The scarecrow frightened the birds away. (away refers to 'distance')b I was holding my hat and the wind snatched it away. (away refers to 'detachment')с I got a cloth and wiped away the coffee I had spilled. (away refers to 'disappearance')d Please put these dishes away. (away refers to 'tidying')The verb often has its non-idiomatic meaning, but the particle 'extends' this meaning: e.g. pullout, push away, wash away, move back, burn down, bring in, cut off.Write:Match these meanings to the adverb particles in the sentences below.a 'put on paper' f 'movement out' к 'removal' P 'distribution'b 'exclusion' g 'permanence' I 'reduction' q 'inwards' ('destroy')с 'addition' h 'movement in' m 'to the ground' r 'up from the surface'd 'out of bed' i 'enclose' n 'extension' s 'confine'e 'completely' j 'clearly' 0 'into pieces' t 'upwards direction'out 1 drive the car out .f. up 11 pull that lineup..2 leave that word out.3 take that stain out...4 put out your hand ...5 copy this out6 give these out12 pick that up13 fill this car up14 chop that wood up15 let the patient up16 wrap this box upin 7 let him in8 lock him in9 write this in10 beat the door indown 17 cut the tree down18 turn the heat down ....19 close the shop down .20 write this down118