LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

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7.8 Viewpoint adverbs, connecting adverbs and inversion7.8C Inversion after 'negative adverbs', etc. [> LEG 7.59, App 19]Study:Some adverbs like never and little have a 'negative effect' and we sometimes refer to them as'negative adverbs'. We can use them in the ordinary way [> 7.4]:I have never seen so much protest against a government.Michael little realizes how important this meeting is.If we begin a sentence with a 'negative adverb' we must follow with the word order we use in aYes/No question [> 13.1]. Beginning with a negative is very formal:Never have I seen so much protest against a government.Little does Michael realize how important this meeting is.We use this kind of inversion, in formal style, after:- 'negative adverbs': e.g. hardly, hardly ever, never, rarely, seldom.- phrases with only. e.g. only after, only then, only when (Only then did I learn...).- so + adjective: So difficult was this problem, Einstein couldn't solve it.Write:Rewrite these sentences so that they begin with the words in italics.1 There has never been such a display of strength by the workers.. Кшг.r. №4. Шш.-Нт. аш>Н
8 Prepositions, adverb particles andphrasal verbs8.1 Prepositions, adverb particles and conjunctions8.1 A Words we can use either as prepositions or as adverbs [> LEG 8.4,7.3.4]Study:Й1 There are many 'small words' in English such as up, down, and by which we call prepositions.In fact, we use these as prepositions or adverb particles. Understanding the differencebetween the two will help us to understand 'phrasal verbs' [> 8.6-8].2 A preposition must have an object (a noun or a pronoun), so it is always related to a noun:across the road, over the wall, up the hill, down the mountain.3 An adverb particle does not need an object, so it is more closely related to a verb:walk across, drive over, come up, climb down.4 We can use the following words either as prepositions or adverb particles:about, above, across, after, along, before, behind, below, beneath, between, beyond, by, down,in, inside, near, off, on, opposite, outside, over, past, round, through, under, underneath, up,without. This means we can say:We drove round the city, (round has a noun object, so it's a preposition)We drove round, (round has no object, so it's an adverb particle).Write:You are giving instructions to a young child. Give each instruction twice.1 (run across the road)2 (climb over the wall)3 (come inside the house)4 (go down the hill)5 (go up the ladder)6 (run past the window)8.1 В Words we can use only as prepositions or only as adverbs [> LEG 8.4.2-3]Study:i**i1 We use some 'small words' only as prepositions, so they always have a noun or pronounobject: against, among, at, beside, during, except, for, from, into, of, onto, on top of, out of,since, till/until, to, toward(s), upon, with. This means we have to say: e.g.Sit beside me. We can't say 'Sit beside. *2 We use other 'small words' only as adverb particles, so they do not have an object: away,back, backward(s), downward(s), forward(s), on top, out, upward(s). This means we haveto say: e.g. Don't go near the fire. Stay away! (Not *Stay away the fire!*)Write:You are answering the question What did you do? Supply suitable noun objects where possible.1 We waited at Mfo.A&tfMftu 5 We drove away2 We went to 6 We ran into3 We jumped back 7 We ran out of4 We climbed out 8 We went upwards106
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LONGMANENGLISH GRAMMARPRACTICEfor i
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Addison Wesley Longman LimitedEdinb
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Contents6 Adjectives so6.1 Formatio
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AcknowledgementsDifferent versions
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1 The sentence1.1 Sentence word ord
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1.2 The simple sentence: verbs with
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1.3 The simple sentence: direct and
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1.4 The compound sentenceWrite 2:Co
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1.5 The complex sentence: noun clau
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1.6 The complex sentence: relative
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1.7 The complex sentence: 'whose';
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1.8 The complex sentence: time, pla
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1.9 The complex sentence: reason an
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1.10 The complex sentence: purpose,
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1.11 The complex sentence: present
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1.12 The complex sentence: perfect/
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2.1 One-word nouns2.1 С Nouns and
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2.2 Compound nouns2.2C Compound nou
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2.3 Countable and uncountable nouns
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2.4 Countable and uncountable nouns
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2.5 Number (singular and plural) (1
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2.5 Number (singular and plural) (1
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2.7 Gender2.7ВStudy:i**iIdentifyin
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2.8 The genitive2.8CThe use of 's a
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3.1 The indefinite article: 'a/an'
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3.5 The zero article (1)3.5B The ze
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3.5 The zero article (1)3.6C Zero a
Page 62 and 63: 4.1 Personal pronouns4.1 С Gender
Page 64 and 65: 4.2 'One'4.2C 'Which one(s)?' - 'Th
Page 66 and 67: 4.3 'It' and 'one/some/any/none'4.3
Page 68 and 69: 4.4 Possessive adjectives and posse
Page 70 and 71: 4.5 Reflexive pronouns ('myself')4.
Page 72 and 73: 4.6 Demonstrative adjectives/pronou
Page 74 and 75: 5.1 Quantifiers + countable and unc
Page 76 and 77: 5.2 General and specific references
Page 78 and 79: 5.3 Uses of 'some', 'any', 'no' and
Page 80 and 81: 5.4 'Much', 'many', 'a lot of, '(a)
Page 82 and 83: 5.5 'Both' and 'all'5.5C 'Both' and
Page 84 and 85: 5.6 'All (the)', '(a/the) whole', '
Page 86 and 87: 5.7 'Another', '(the) other(s)', 'e
Page 88 and 89: 6.1 Formation of adjectives6.1CComp
Page 90 and 91: 6.2 Position of adjectives6.2C Adje
Page 92 and 93: 6.3 Adjectives that behave like nou
Page 94 and 95: 6.4 Adjectives after 'be', 'seem',
Page 96 and 97: 6.5 The comparison of adjectives6.5
Page 98 and 99: 7.4 Adverbs of frequency7.1 С Adje
Page 100 and 101: 7.4 Adverbs of frequency7.2B 'Still
Page 102 and 103: 7.3 Adverbial phrases of duration7.
Page 104 and 105: 7.4 Adverbs of frequency7.4C Adverb
Page 106 and 107: 7.4 Adverbs of frequencyWrite:Add q
Page 108 and 109: 7.6 Intensifiers7.6B Adverbs in pla
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 Focus adverbs7.7D 'Also' and 'a
Page 114 and 115: 8.1 Prepositions, adverb particles
Page 116 and 117: 8.2 Prepositions of movement and po
Page 118 and 119: 8.3 Particular prepositions, partic
Page 124 and 125: 8.6 Phrasal verbs: Type 1, verb + p
Page 130 and 131: 9.1 The simple present and present
Page 134 and 135: 9.3 The simple past tense9.3C Uses
Page 138 and 139: 9.5 The simple present perfect and
Page 140 and 141: 9.6 The simple past perfect and pas
Page 142 and 143: 9.7 The simple future tenseWrite:Su
Page 144 and 145: 9.8 The simple future, the future p
Page 146 and 147: 9.9 'Going to' and other ways of ex
Page 148 and 149: 9.10 The imperative9.1 ОСStudy:Th
Page 150 and 151: 10.1 'Be' as a full verb (1)10.1CSt
Page 152 and 153: 10.2 'Be' as a full verb (2)Write:S
Page 154 and 155: 10.3 'There' + 'be'10.3C Combinatio
Page 156 and 157: 10.4 Verbs related in meaning to 'b
Page 158 and 159: 10.5 'Have' as a full verb = 'posse
Page 160 and 161: 10.6 'Have' as a full verb meaning
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10.7 'Do' as a full verb10.7B 'Do'
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11.1 The two uses of modal verbs4 I
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11.2 Uses of modals (etc.) to expre
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11.5 Uses of modals to express dedu
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11.6 Uses of modals for offers, req
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11.7 Expressing wishes, etc.: I wis
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11.8 Expressing preferences: 'would
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11.9 'It's advisable ...'/'It's nec
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11.10 'It isn't advisable ...'/'It
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11.11 Modals to express habit: 'use
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11.12 'Need' and 'dare' as modals a
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11.13 'Would/wouldn't'; 'that... sh
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12.1 General information about form
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12.2 Uses of the passive12.2C The p
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12.3 Form and use of the causativeW
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13.1 Yes/No questions, negative sta
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13.2 Alternative negative forms and
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13.3 Tag questions and echo tags13.
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13.4 Additions and responsesWrite:1
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13.5 Question-word questions (1): '
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13.8 Subject-questions: 'Who?', 'Wh
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13.9 Questions about alternatives;
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14.1 Type 1 conditionals14.1 С 'If
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14.1 Type 1 conditionals14.2C 'If +
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14 Conditional sentences14.414.4ASt
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15.1 Direct speechWrite:15.1 СStud
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15 Direct and indirect speech15.3 I
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15 Direct and indirect speech15.4 I
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15 Direct and indirect speech15.5 U
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15 Direct and indirect speech15.6 W
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16 The infinitive and the '-ing' fo
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16.8 The to-infinitive or the '-ing
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IndexAa/an. 3.1-2: general statemen
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Indexcontinuous tenses - friendlyco
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Index-ing form - Mr, Mrs, Dr, etc.-
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Indexother - question tagsother: ot
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Indexstatements-verbsstatements (co
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Key to exercisesI The sentence1.1 S
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Key 11.11A-11.13E1.5C Noun clauses
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Key 11.11A-11.13E1.10 The complex s
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Key 11.11A-11.13E2.3 Countable and
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Key 11.11A-11.13E3.1 С Describing
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Key 11.11A-11.13E4.2B 'One' and 'on
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Key 11.11A-11.13E5.3 Uses of 'some'
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Key 11.11A-11.13E6.3C Context1 the
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Key 11.11A-11.13EWrite 2:1 ... for
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Key 11.11A-11.13E7.8 Viewpoint adve
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Key 11.11A-11.13E8.7D ContextI (-)
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Key 11.11A-11.13E9.5 The simple pre
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Key10.1 A-10.3D10 Be, Have, Do10.1
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Key 11.11A-11.13E10.7 Do' as a full
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Key 11.11A-11.13E11.5 Uses of modal
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Key11.11A-11.13E11.11 Modals to exp
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Key 11.11A-11.13EWrite 2:1a She had
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Key11.11A-11.13E13.5 Question-word
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Key14.1 A-14.3A14 Conditional sente
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Key15.1B-15.3A15.1B Quotation marks
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Key15.5B-16.1C15.5B Offers, suggest
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Key 11.11A-11.13E16.4B Adjectives w
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