LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

9 Verbs, verb tenses, imperatives9.7 The simple future tense9.7A Some uses of 'will' and 'shall' [> LEG 9.37,11.23,11.38-40,11.73]Study:ED1 Will and shall are 'modal verbs', so they are like can, must, etc. [> Chapter 11].2 We often use will and shall to make predictions (the simple future tense):It will rain tomorrow. I don't know if I shall see you next week.3 We use will and shall in many other ways, apart from predicting the future: e.g.- intentions/promises [> 9.8A]: I'll (= I will) buy you a bicycle for your birthday.- requests/invitations [> 11,6D]: Will you hold the door open for me, please?-offers [> 11.6E]:Shall I get your coat for you ?- suggestions [> 11.6F]: Shall we go for a swim tomorrow?- threats:Just wait! You'll regret this!-decisions [> 9.9A]:I'll stop and ask the way.Write:Match the sentences on the left with the functions on the right.123456AWe'll have a thunderstorm tonight, I'm sure,Will there be a general strike?I'll send you a card from Florida.Will you write to me?Shall I go to the post office for you?Shall we take a drive into the country later?I'll report you to the police next time.78 The wedding will take place next Friday.9 I hope you'll come and see us again.10 Tell them again. Perhaps they'll understand.1112Will you have lunch with us on Sunday?I'll be seeing John at the meeting tomorrow.a)b)c)d)e)09)h)i)j)k)I)Вmaking a formal announcementmaking a requeststating a planned arrangementmaking a predictionmaking an invitationasking for a predictionpromising/stating intentionexpressing future hopeexpressing future uncertaintythreateningofferingmaking a suggestion9.7B 'Will' and 'shall' to refer to the future [> LEG 9.35-37]Study:134Forms of 'will' and 'shall'When we are referring to the future, we use will with all persons {I, you, he, she, etc.), but inBritish English, we often use shall with l/we. (Not *he/she/it/you/they shall*):I/We will (I'll/We'll) see you tomorrow. Or: I shall/We shall see you tomorrow.In speech, we weaken shall to /1э1/. We often use 'II in place of will in speech and sometimesin writing, especially after vowels: I'll/He'll see you tomorrow.We also use 'II after consonants: Tom'll be here soon. When'll I see you?Negative short forms are: 'II not, won't (= will not) or shan't {= shall not):I'll not be there/I won't be there/I shan't be there tomorrow.In American English shall and shan't with a future reference are rare.Uses of the 'will/shall' futurePrediction: We invite prediction or we say what we think will happen:Who will win on Saturday? Tottenham will win on Saturday.In formal style we say what will happen for events that have been arranged:The wedding will take place at St Andrew's on June 27th.We use shall and will to express hopes and expectations:I hope she'll get the job she's applied for. She'll get a surprise. -1 expect she will.