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364Soybean and Health50Production (million metric tons)403020102006/072007/082008/092009/102010/11 (J)2010/11(F)0CoconutCottonseedOlivePalmPalm KernelPeanutRapeseedSoybeanSunflowerseedVegetable OilsFig. 1. Major vegetable oils produced (million metric tons) from 2006 to January (J) andFebruary (F) of 2011 (Source: USDA).Domestic Use (million metric tons)50403020102006/072007/082008/092009/102010/11 (J)2010/11(F)0CoconutCottonseedOlivePalmPalm KernelPeanutRapeseedSoybeanSunflowerseedVegetable OilFig. 2. Domestic consumption of major vegetable oils (million metric tons) from 2006 toJanuary (J) and February (F) of 2011 (Source: USDA).
Soybean Oil: How Good or HowBad in Comparison with Other Dietary Oils in the Context of Colon Cancer 365Soybean Oil Consumption (thousand metric tons)120001000080006000400020000ChinaUSABrazilIndiaEU-27CountriesArgentinaMexicoJapan2006/072007/082008/092009/102010/11 (J)2010/11(F)Fig. 3. Domestic consumption of soybean oil (thousand metric tons) from 2006 to January (J)and February (F) of 2011 (Source: USDA).Considering the economic importance and the high dietary intake of soybean oil, it shouldbe discussed its composition in comparison with other oils of importance in humannutrition (Table 1). The major fatty acid in sunflower, soybean and corn oils is the LA. Thecanola oil has approximately 21% of LA, while palm, flaxseed, olive oil have less than 16%,and fish oil less than 3%. Vegetables oils only present -3 in the form of ALA. Flaxseed has ahigh level of ALA (more than 50%), while the other oils has less than 7%. The soybean andcanola oil have similar quantities of ALA and the highest content after flaxseed, showinglevels 7-21 fold higher in comparison to other oils than flaxseed. The palm oil, is togetherwith soybean oil, the most consumed oil, but it should be highlighted that it has 3 to 4-foldmore saturated fatty acids in comparison with other vegetable oils, what may be adisadvantage considering the role of saturated fats on cardiovascular risks. The fish oil,although is from animal source, is included in this table because is the only source of oildirectly providing EPA and DHA, which accounts for more than half of its fatty acidcomposition. Its ALA content is low and soybean oil has 8 times more ALA than fish oil.4. Importance of PUFAs in human nutritionThe effects of oils and fats in human nutrition have been largely discussed in the lastdecades, emphasizing the reduced intake of saturated and trans fatty acids and the increasein -3 intake (Wortman, Miyazaki et al. 2009).ALA and LA are considered essential because they are not synthesized in the human bodydue to the lack of enzymes capable of inserting double bonds in the third and sixth carbonscounted from the methyl terminal (Roynette, Calder et al. 2004). The LA is converted intoAA. In mammals, the essential fatty acids ALA can be converted to EPA and DHA, but theendogenous rate of conversion is unknown. It is believed that this conversion might be low,
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PrefaceWorldwide, soybean seed prot
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Soybean Products Consumption in the
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20Soybean and HealthWagner, J.D., A
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22Soybean and HealthDifferences in
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24Soybean and Healthfermented chung
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26Soybean and HealthIsoflavones, wh
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28Soybean and HealthThe concentrati
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30Soybean and Health5. Metabolite p
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32Soybean and Healththat various me
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34Soybean and Healtheffects on hypo
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36Soybean and Healthfatty acid oxid
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38Soybean and HealthThe decreased n
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40Soybean and Healththe N-terminus
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42Soybean and HealthYAVE, IVAE, LVA
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44Soybean and Healthrespectively, w
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46Soybean and HealthIn order to des
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48Soybean and Healthpeptides that w
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50Soybean and Healthreactions, new
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52Soybean and HealthGibbs, B.F.; Zo
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54Soybean and HealthKoo, B.; Seong,
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56Soybean and HealthPak, V.V.; Koo,
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58Soybean and HealthBalance between
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60Soybean and HealthAll results are
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62Soybean and Healthfrom 10.01 ± 1
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64Soybean and Healthmeasured in eac
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66Soybean and HealthFig. 2. Time co
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68Soybean and Healthω3D rats switc
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70Soybean and Health3.4.4 Monodesat
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72Soybean and Healthpercentages yie
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74Soybean and Healthinstance, such
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76Soybean and Healthconcerned the c
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78Soybean and HealthMalaisse, W.J.
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80Soybean and Healthflavonoids show
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82Soybean and HealthSupplies (Poole
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84Soybean and Healthal., 2004). For
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86Soybean and HealthABFig. 1. IBD p
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88Soybean and Healthdamage for both
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The Effect of Flavonoids in Soybean
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Effects of Dietary Soybean Trypsin
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Conjugated Linoleic Acid: A Milk Fa
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Lunasin, a Cancer Preventive Seed P
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Insights into the Pharmacological E
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9Occurrence of Biogenic Aminesin So
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Occurrence of Biogenic Amines in So
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10Biologically Active Molecules fro
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Biologically Active Molecules from
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11From Soybean Phytosterolsto Stero
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From Soybean Phytosterols to Steroi
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12Genistein Derivatization - From a
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Genistein Derivatization - From a D
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13Soybean Oil: Production Process,
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Soybean Oil: Production Process, Be
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14Beneficial Effects of Bioactive P
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Page 393 and 394: 17Anti-Diarrhoeal Aspectsof Ferment
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Antioxidant and Hypocholesterolemic
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19Important Minor Soybens Proteins:
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Important Minor Soybens Proteins: S
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20Soybean Allergens: Presence, Dete
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21Nutritional and Bioactive Compoun
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Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds
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22Polyamines - The Principal Candid
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Polyamines - The Principal Candidat
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