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appear in the same way to the inhabitants of the [different] regions of the world, but the Milky Way appears in the same way to [all] inhabitants of the world. Although the arguments are presented in a summarised form in Cand. they are recognisably the same as those given by Olympiodorus, so that one is led to suspect that the refutation in Cad. is based on the continuation of the scholion given above (Nic. 14.19-22) which has been omitted in the Cambridge manuscript but was still there in the manuscript of Nic. used by Barhebraeus. 2.2. Ps.-Aristotle. De mundo Another Greek work which is occasionally mentioned by BakoS in his footnotes is the Pseudo-Aristotelian De mundo. While BakoS seems to have consillted only the Greek original of this work, the close agreement in the wording &.ween Cand. and the Syriac version of the De mundo attributed to Sergius of Rbh-'Ayna and published by de Lagarde leaves little doubt that it was that version which was available to Barhebraeus. On thunder and lightning: Cand. 1 18.10- 1 19.3 Sometimes materials taken from De mundo are found combined with those taken from Nic. Given below is a passage for which BakoS names the De mundo as the source. On closer examination it turns out to be an amalgam of materials taken from the De mundo and Nic. Cand. 118.10-119.3 (underline: agreement with Nic.; italic: with De mundo): & & & . * & a c r a * + ~ . ~ ~ l a o D & ~ + ~ ~ Q r ~ + t u ~ ~ ~ & ~ + . ~ ~ a a A u ~ t ~ l F w ~ * . ~ M & d ~ & ~ * ~ & x &-, &l & +l ,A* + &= "&ac- +.a A& ehB1yan. CvA6,s- . ,J&Gd A& &a"Jol &fa CbU [& 6 Ciqek] (1) w-hdcanna kad ra'mfi ellta w d-barqa, (b) barqa men qdamaw metrgesh, (2a) b-hay d-meshtamcana mkan I-metqaddamu wa-1-metcb%rii men me@zyh$ (c) yattira'it kad haw d-me@zC yattir qallil nehwe, hanaw nuranfi, (d) w-haw d-meshtma' nehwe bsir bqalliluteh 1-met% lwat mashmaLtii, ak meddem d-tallil ba-mnawaeh. (3a) wa-d-hmip hzaG men mashmact8 (b) idiLa men aylen d-m&Cn b-liqe, (c) da-1-qa1a da-mhotti qadmfiytti batar hzatL da-mhota trayyanfiyG shfim'inan. (1) And thus although thunder is the cause of lightning, @) &king is persei~ed before it, (2a) because the audible [meshtamC~] can be preceded and overtuken by the visible [methazyiinii], (c) especially when what is seen is swifer, ie. fiery, (d) but what is heard is less in its swiftness in coming to hemMng, like something which is
THE GRECO-SYRIAC AND ARABIC SOURCES OF BARHEBRAEUS MINERALOGY 229 - . $a moist in its partsz4 (3a) That vision is-ring (b) ismade knamn hy thclseJAho strike with oars, (c) [namely by the fact] that wehear thttsnund of the lirststmkeaiLer sxingthesxond stroke. Nic. 42.9- 14 (< Arist. Mete. 369b 7- 1 1): he-. em- Hrn & lO/Hrn heaaa -+ %A ruMcr 12/,A~ *?a. k &cu e% 4- 1\4r. -+=D 11/+, (I)& & d r x b : & * 1 3 / a + ~ : & ~ ; m l d ~ ~ ~ . A .&a 14/La&++.r.ma.& [13 w: ms.] (la) w-h2kannii kad ra'm8 qadma3it hawe, w-bzitreh hawe barqa (Ib) qadm13it man margshinan bbarqa, ktreh den b-racma, (3a) mettul d-yattir hanipti hzfitii men mashmaCt5. (b) w-idica men aylen d-m*~n bliqE; (c) kad g5r ma5 liqa I-mayy8 w-saleq. w-mendesh mahe w-sileq, hayd5n sh5mCinan I-qB1B da-mhotii qadm8yM. (la) And thus although thunder occurs first and lightning occurs after it, (Ib) we perceive the lightning first and after it the thunder, (3a) because vision is faterAan hearing. (b) mis] is made known by those wha shjke with oars. (c) For when the oar strikes water and rises, and strikes and rises again, it rises for the second time and then we hear the sound of the first stroke. De mundo syr. Ide Lagardel 144.5- 12 (corr. De mundo gr. 395a 162 1 ): w.-na+bu&u.&-+x-aHx&.-emb... a ~ & ~ r a ~ ~ . ~ & . r h p a d a a d ~ h H h h H & . k u ~ & x - ~ + , h . o ~ a AHHa+,prrb.&Ha~hp&.&xijOam,-.H, Z M - P H . h u & d * * H - & + x - r . . + c u . L LuI Hh, ... barqa meshtammhs, (lb) hay d-iip qdiimaw d-raCm8 methze, (a) kad pb bstreh hawe, (2a) b-yad d-meddem d-meshtmac mkfin I-metqaddamu wa-I-metCbm men haw d-methn5, (b) b-hiiy d-haw meddem d-mew fip men pwhii mse I-metidScu, haw den d-meshtma' mji d-netqarrab lwat mashmaCM. (c) w-yattirS3it hawe hfide, ma d-haw man d-me@uE yattir men kul vbwjitii nehwe qallil, hhaw den nehwe itaw nurhfi, (d) haw den d-meshtmac nehwe bsir bqalliluteh 1-metii lwat mashmac@, akzna d-meddem d-hiiwb tallil ha-mmteh. ... is called lightning, (I b) and is seen before thunder, (a) although it occurs after it, (2a) because whar is heard [meddem d-meshtmac < ti, akousdn] can be preceded and overtaken by whar is seen [meddem d-mew < tb horatbn], (b) because what is seen can be known from a distance? but what is heard [only] when it approaches hearing. (c) This happens especially when what is seen is swifrer than all things, i.e. [when] it is fiery, (d) but what is heard is less in its swifmess in coming to hearing, like something which is in its stroke. 24 A: no doubt due to misreading of De mundo syr. L < De mu& gr. EV d*1. 25 On the meaning of tawk here, see Ryssel(1880) 43 n. c. 26 The Greek has &p&g here. Cf. Ryssel, op. cit. (n. 8). 1.43 n. d.
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