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+ a e ~ . ~ ~ U L w & ~ e ~ d + & : w ~ + . LJJa U am h a4 w& &-a w-men riihe den 'azzize, 'alC3l5 man meshtammha riiha hay da-qtifi'it Ice] gadya; q@a den w-kokit2 metqc riiha haw d-metkrek Ice] wa-1-t*t. Of the strong winds, the wind which rises violently upwards is called 'alccikI (con. gr. thuClla); the wind which circulates upwards and downwards is called qar& and GkitG (gr. lailaps kai stdbilos). Correction of the Translation of Cand.: Grid. 127.6-9 The following passage provides an example of how a look at the source allows us to correct our translation of Cand. Cand. 127.6-9: -.4-ad~wb(i).a+waw - . d &lua+w+w&(2).a+wavrbruLbu~.4-taLI 4 am w4.L ampa+ (5) (3). efb,.+l u?h,b a4wa elk"& a+&- h 4 - r (4) [8 -4-r BakoS et Ci~ek: -4 legendum?] meflu1 zawcS awket nyada d-arcs. (I) 'em man tennsnaya d-hammim @b w-saggi yattir kmiyiiti kad netiled thet ar%, (2) w-tehwe hi arcs kemat shtihiitfh d-ar'a barrayti da-qip& (3) hayden me@bes bii 'em haw I-meppaq. (4) w-kad menah da-qiput p61-6 d-arcti metcakkar, (5) mzic 1% wa-mnid. On movement [zawcll and tremor [nyiidll of the earth. (1) Wh-011 . . which is very bat and very greati- helcm- (2) and the earth, or [to be precise] the outer surlaceoltheearthis, (3) then that -adeavours, (4) and when &,jsaW.M,-by the- of the pores &hmm%h, (5) itmay- and shakes [it]. Mab. 11.205.17-2 1 : LhI (\) .mj& JjYI C.1 .b U9,j&- Llj @>JI>JYI--j&- jl C.l;l;l;l, ,iiC;JI, rWl ~ rc. IL'L >,YI +, jK, (Y) ;JWI ,.& ,b jli~ ,liL: >,Yl - A I ljl ~ &I jd+-k& (8) ,>JYI+.IiiM-dj;3&-+J (f) fJiJ1 ,k$dj h lib (r) .>,Yl dp-, The cause of the earthquake is either below the earth or above it or a combination of the two. The former occurs in two ways. First: (1) Whensmoky.yapaur, kanhin largapnfhy, ~atebhe.~eadh (2) ~ a c e a ~ s d e nand s e devoid of pores and passages, (3) then when -mieaya~- (4) but iS..u~&,,,tdo so a the_densiry of the surface drhesmh, (5) it moves in itself and m ~ ~ h ~ . ~ ~ 47 The passage on earthquakes in Bar Shakko. Dial. closely resembles this passage of Mab., but Bar Shakko's translation is quite different from that in Cand. - ms. Gottingen lac, 302v b19-303r a1 1: +Y : 6 4 : e ~ Lw h &&A u : rram -1- +Y N- K & N ~ P L ~ ~ ~ . ~ - ~ ~ ~ W A ~ & ~ a . r ~ + d A a & ~ a . r ~ + e ~ d - . Lrir NW : &-& &UJL& WY (the last part corresponds to Mab. 11.206.1, see
THE GRECO-SYRIAC AND ARABIC SOURCES OF BARHEBRAEUS' MINERALOGY 239 The verb "methbes" used in clause (3) in its primary sense means "to be pressed, compressed'"8 and BakoS duly translates the phrase "methbes ... I-meppaq" as "est comprimke de manikre qu'elle sort"P9 which, however, makes for rather awkward syntax. The lexica tell us that the verb "methbes" can also mean "to endeavour"50 and the phrase "qasada ... al-khunija" in the corresponding clause of Mab. tells us that this must be the sense in which the word is used here. This, however, is not quite the whole story, since we find the following sentence at the end of the account of how earthquakes are generated in ~ic." Nic. 37.9-10: =a&l,e/&:edeqd*Uhd-rLe... . d d h.& ... mii hake1 d-l-appay ltaht nestle tennini d-etemar, kulleh -1 I-tamman w-kad rnethbes mzi' lah I-ar'a wa-mnid !ah. When, therefore, the smoke mentioned inclines downwards, all of it goes to that place, and when it becomes compressed, it moves~he.~akes it. Although the word "methbes" in Cand. must correspond in meaning to the "qu&a" of Mab., the choice of the word was perhaps influenced by the occurrence the word in Nic. This sentence of Nic. also explains the wording in clause (3, which is not quite in agreement with the corresponding clause of Mab. In clause (4), the phrase, "the density of the pores of the earth" is a little awkward, but it may at least be seen that the word "pores (@r6)" has been transferred here from "mascSmm" in clause (2) of Mab. Correction of the text of Mabcihith: Cand. 121.10 There are occasions where the text of Cand. allows us to hazard making corrections to the text of Mab&ith. We take as anexample here the lists of objects to which the shapes of comets etc. are compared in a number of related works. Ibn Sin4 Shi;fa3 Mete. 73.13, 13-14, 17; Mahihith 11.189.4-5; Cand. 121.10; Bar Shakko, Dial ., ms. Gottingen 18c, 302r b 1 1- 15; Qazwini, 'Aja'ib 91 B.. below; note how Bar Shakko retains the Arabic word order). 48 The very instance here (ms. Paris, fol. 31r) is indeed cited as a case where the verb is used in the sense 'compressus est" at Payne Smith. Thes. syr. col. 1 182. 49 Cf. also tr. Jijswi 65.25: cJ,& ,L;rl b;bl& 50 Payne Smith, Thes. syr., col. 1182, Audo, Lex. 304, Cardahi, Lobab 375b (LA* ,Yl j44 +). 51 The account of earthquakes at Nic. 37.4- 10 as a whole goes back to Arist. Mete. 365b 21-28.
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