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THE GRECO-SYRIAC AND ARABIC SOURCES OF BARHEBRAEUS' MINERALOGY 23 1
might note in particular how C d . follows the Syriac version of the De rriundo
in the displacement of BoreasIAparctias and ~~e!iotes/~urus.~' In the spelling of
the individual names, too, Cand. follows De mundo svr., as for example in
writing 4 [lib21 for Lips (as opposed to d /od [lips~lipC~s] in Nic., d
[lipis] But. omnes codd.) and in writing -tad [apriqis],32 without the teth, for
Aparctias.
The names in Bar Kepha, too, go back to the De mundo, but the dependence
of Cand. on Bar Kepha may be ruled out by the fact that of the three names given
for the WNW wind Bar Kepha chooses Iapyx, while Barhebraeus opts for Argestes.
Bar Kepha, in his turn, is evidently dependent on Jacob of Edessa, as may be
gathered from this choise of Iapyx and the displacement of CaeciasIApeliotes.
2.3. Fakhr al-Din al-Rai, K. al-mabGhith al-mashriqiyyah
An Arabic work frequently cited by BakoS in his footnotes is the "Cosmographie"
(i-e. 'Aji3ib al-rnakhlziqat [= 'A@'ib] and Kthr al-bild) of ZakariyyB" b.
Muhammad b. Mahmiid al-Qazwini (ca. 1203-1283). As BakoS was aware,33
however, Qazwini is unlikely to be the source of Cand., since Cand. most pr~bably
predates the works of Qazwini.
The source in many of the instances where BakoS names Qazwini as a
parallel is in fact to be sought in a work of a slightly earlier author, namely in the
K. al-mabahith al-mashriqiyyah of Fakhr al-Din Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Rai
(1 149-1209). The choice of the author is not a surprising one, since Fakhr al-Din
al-Rui's writings enjoyed wide popularity in the 13th century and another work
of the same author, the Mu&ssal ajkar al-mutaqaddimin wa-l-muta3akhkhirin
has been identified as a major source in other parts of For his information
on the natural sciences Fakhr al-Din al-Rai for his pait depends to a large extent
on Ibn Sins's K. al-shifa3 and it is also known that Barhebraeus himself later
used this work of Ibn Sins's as the principal source of his Butyrum sapientiae. A
comparison, however, of the relevant passages of Cand. with the Mabahith and
the Shifi" shows that it was the Mabihith rather than the Shifi3 which Barhebraeus
used in Cand.
31 Cf. Ryssel(1880) 38 n.b.;39 n.b.
32 Sic ed. BakoS cum codd. BV, et ed. Civk; -e Cand. cod. P., -+me De mundo syr.
[Lagarde]; cf. -td+wme Nic. et But. codd. plurimi.
33 BakoS intro. p. 19.
34 See the introduction above. As another instance where Fakhr al-Din al-R&-'s work was used
in an encyclopedic work by a 13th century Christian author, one might mention the section on
theodicy in the K. al-Burh of the Copt Ibn al-Rfihib, which has been found to be based on
RSzi's K. al-Arbdin (see Sidarus [I9751 104-107, 134f.; d. id.. '4bn al-Raib", EI' Suppl.
3%).