Nutrition in Combat Sports

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11 Professional Athlete 181 There are three legal medications that are used separately and may be incorporated into Vaseline to stop bleeding: 1. Adrenaline (epinephrine 1/1,000 concentration) will be absorbed easily into the skin and decrease blood flow. 2. Avitene, once in contact with a bleeding surface, causes platelets to form a clot. 3. Thrombin is an agent for dry (not actively bleeding) cuts. In the gym, the fighter should wear good-fitting headgear to guard against cuts and facial swelling. In a fight, a good cutman can make the difference between a fighter winning or losing. A cutman should know his fighter, should understand facial anatomy, and does not need to wait to see blood before treating his fighter. A fighter prone to cuts should stay away from any medicine that can increase bleeding time (such as Aspirin), and have their skin iced in the dressing room before the contest begins. If the ring physician is overseeing a fight where the fighter was cut during his last contest, it is advisable to make certain the laceration is medically cleared before the fighter presents to the weigh-in. 11.6 Head Blows Table 11.3 enumerates important changes that can occur in a fighter’s demeanor that are clear indicators to the ring physician that he should take a serious look between rounds or recommend a stoppage. Some of these materials have been covered in the previous discussion of when to examine a fighter between rounds. A ring physician can employ a mental checklist once the fight begins. Deterioration in balance, gait stability, alertness, or confusion are all easily observable from your seat. A physician should not hover over the fighters from fear or their own insecurity. But, if obtaining a better look at an athlete between rounds will appease your conscience and tell you more of what you need to know, by all means, mount the ring apron. Several physicians use this obligatory action to appear they are evaluating the fighters, but instead hang outside the ropes. In this position they are only able to visualize the trainers or cutman. It serves little purpose . If you wish to examine the fighter, Table 11.3 Things to look for during the fight and between rounds that might necessitate a contest stop Worsening balance and coordination Fighter having difficulty returning to his corner Diminished alertness between rounds Slowed reflexes during the round such as missing punches and difficulty avoiding being hit Slurred speech Facial asymmetry or unilateral weakness Complaints of headache, dizziness, incoordination, or vision loss Awareness of the cornermen’s ringside conversations during the fight that might indicate their fighter is injured
182 M. Goodman and E. Homansky climb between the ropes and look at the fighter head on. Otherwise, how will you be able to adequately assess cranial nerve function and speech, and insure that the fighter is not complaining of a headache, dizziness, or loss of vision; all things that would compel you to jump in and recommend the contest end? Some fighters have wills of iron and a skull to match. The same standards hold true for head blows as they do for lacerations and eye injuries. If the fighter appears to have no chance of victory, and allowing him to continue could result in irreparable harm, there is no reason for additional punishment. 11.7 Post-fight Examination Perhaps the most crucial thing a physician or trainer can do for an athlete after a fight is ensure they have been appropriately diagnosed and triaged. All too often a fighter’s adrenalin will take over, and it will be minutes to hours before they recognize symptoms and complaints that could indicate serious or life-threatening injuries. The process becomes equally difficult for the ringside physician who has little time with the combatant to perform a complete examination. A physician should accompany the fighters to their dressing rooms when they leave the ring as this is precious time to document neurological changes in their condition. This becomes of greater significance if the contest was stopped due to head blows. We recommend a post-fight checklist that documents symptoms, injuries, recommendations, and the suspension. 11.7.1 Remember That Even the Winner Can Suffer Serious Injuries Table 11.4 lists the signs and symptoms that may indicate a serious injury and require further evaluation in an emergency room. First and foremost, any athlete Table 11.4 Post-fight signs and symptoms indicating a serious head injury Headache Nausea or vomiting Dizziness Amnesia Confusion Blurred vision/diplopia/pupillary inequality Ataxia/gait unsteadiness/loss of coordination Hearing loss/tinnitus Unilateral weakness/sensory deficits Decreased alertness Seizure Personality changes/irritability
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Combat Sports Medicine
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Editors Ramin Kordi, MD, MSc (Sport
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vi Preface pre-participation physic
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viii Contents 11 Professional Athle
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2 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox The scien
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4 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox with tech
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6 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox Table 1.3
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8 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox afterward
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10 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox Accordin
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12 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox where ra
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14 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox losses t
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16 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox circumst
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18 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox Despite
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20 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox 31 . Arm
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22 C.A. Horswill Table 2.1 Current
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24 C.A. Horswill 2.2.3 Martial Arts
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26 C.A. Horswill After the wrestler
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28 C.A. Horswill 56 55 54 53 52 51
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30 C.A. Horswill to simulate combat
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32 C.A. Horswill growth data (NHANE
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34 C.A. Horswill Strategies of rapi
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36 C.A. Horswill References 1. Stee
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38 C.A. Horswill 49. Wroble RR , Mo
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Chapter 3 Sport Psychology in Comba
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3 Sport Psychology in Combat Sports
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56 F. Halabchi substances). Many ot
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58 F. Halabchi the existing evidenc
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60 F. Halabchi Table 4.1 (continued
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62 F. Halabchi offered no further a
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64 F. Halabchi 4.6.1 Amphetamine Am
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66 F. Halabchi retention, myopathie
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68 F. Halabchi Positive Finding rep
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70 F. Halabchi There are still appr
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72 F. Halabchi 37. Kadi F , Bonneru
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74 J. Gauthier their art in an effo
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76 J. Gauthier sports. To the spect
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78 J. Gauthier worth investigating
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80 J. Gauthier matches, which are p
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82 J. Gauthier 5.4.5 Enjoyable Aest
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84 J. Gauthier this overall relatio
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86 J. Gauthier force the sport unde
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88 J. Gauthier 23 . Felson RB . Mas
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90 P. McCrory et al. 6.2 Injury Rat
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92 P. McCrory et al. Table 6.1 (con
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94 P. McCrory et al. The symptoms,
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96 P. McCrory et al. In professiona
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98 P. McCrory et al. neuropsycholog
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100 P. McCrory et al. Neuropsycholo
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102 P. McCrory et al. Table 6.3 Sum
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104 P. McCrory et al. Web sites www
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106 P. McCrory et al. 51 . Stewart
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Chapter 7 Blood-Borne Infections in
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7 Blood-Borne Infections in Combat
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Chapter 8 Skin Infections in Combat
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8 Skin Infections in Combat Sports
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Page 134 and 135: 8 Skin Infections in Combat Sports
Page 140 and 141: 136 C.B. Pasque 9.2 ACL Injuries in
Page 142 and 143: 138 C.B. Pasque surgery may also be
Page 144 and 145: 140 C.B. Pasque maximal exercise le
Page 146 and 147: 142 C.B. Pasque Studies reporting s
Page 148 and 149: 144 C.B. Pasque extremity trauma. U
Page 150 and 151: 146 C.B. Pasque 6 . Griffin LY , Al
Page 152 and 153: 148 C.B. Pasque 56 . Birrer RB , Bi
Page 154 and 155: Chapter 10 Children in Combat Sport
Page 156 and 157: 10 Children in Combat Sports 153 ce
Page 158 and 159: 10 Children in Combat Sports 155 ma
Page 160 and 161: 10 Children in Combat Sports 157 Ta
Page 162 and 163: 10 Children in Combat Sports 159 If
Page 164 and 165: 10 Children in Combat Sports 161 Ma
Page 166 and 167: 10 Children in Combat Sports 163 sh
Page 168 and 169: 10 Children in Combat Sports 165 Ta
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Page 172 and 173: 10 Children in Combat Sports 169 of
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Page 176 and 177: Chapter 11 Professional Athlete Mar
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Page 194 and 195: 11 Professional Athlete 191 Table 1
Page 196 and 197: Chapter 12 Boxing Peter Jako Learni
Page 198 and 199: 12 Boxing 195 In 1994, the Medical
Page 200 and 201: 12 Boxing 197 capacity of a boxer h
Page 202 and 203: 12 Boxing 199 12.9 Developing Stren
Page 204 and 205: 12 Boxing 201 Fig. 12.2 Rupture of
Page 206 and 207: 12 Boxing 203 Second impact syndrom
Page 208 and 209: 12 Boxing 205 Table 12.5 Neurocogni
Page 210 and 211: 12 Boxing 207 ear-nose-throat speci
Page 212 and 213: 12 Boxing 209 Fig. 12.4 An anteropo
Page 214 and 215: 12 Boxing 211 Return to boxing afte
Page 216 and 217: 12 Boxing 213 7. Medical Handbook o
Page 218 and 219: 216 R.R. Wroble allows holds only a
Page 220 and 221: 218 R.R. Wroble joint through a ran
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Page 228 and 229: 226 R.R. Wroble whom were wrestlers
Page 230 and 231: 228 R.R. Wroble injuries over an 8-
Page 232 and 233: 230 R.R. Wroble The most common sol
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232 R.R. Wroble 13.4.6 Meniscus Inj
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234 R.R. Wroble 13.5.2 Catastrophic
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236 R.R. Wroble 13.6.1 Physical Cha
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238 R.R. Wroble contact. Contact wi
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240 R.R. Wroble Preventive measure
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242 R.R. Wroble and competitions, a
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244 R.R. Wroble Mysnyk MC , Albrigh
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Chapter 14 Judo Craig White and Pip
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14 Judo 249 indicates increasing ma
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14 Judo 251 3. What are the muscle
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14 Judo 253 anterior band being put
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14 Judo 255 only occur at 2-3 month
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14 Judo 257 - Break grips made by t
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14 Judo 259 Advanced levels of knee
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14 Judo 261 As sports doctors and p
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Chapter 15 Taekwondo Willy Pieter L
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15 Taekwondo 265 15.2 Performance C
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15 Taekwondo 267 Boey and Xie [39]
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15 Taekwondo 269 15.4 Taekwondo Inj
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15 Taekwondo 271 study, there are n
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15 Taekwondo 273 15.4.3 Injury Type
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15 Taekwondo 275 Table 15.5 Distrib
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15 Taekwondo 277 Table 15.7 Percent
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15 Taekwondo 279 Tsai et al. [99] a
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15 Taekwondo 281 Moon [105] reveale
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15 Taekwondo 283 25. Pieter W , Taa
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15 Taekwondo 285 71. Koh JO , de Fr
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Chapter 16 Karate Rafael Arriaza Le
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16 Karate 289 In 1993, WUKO changed
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16 Karate 291 of kicking and sweepi
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16 Karate 293 RC / ppm RC / ppm 250
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16 Karate 295 Table 16.1 Injury cla
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16 Karate 297 5. Nunan D. Developme
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300 S.F. Martinez Table 17.1 Tradit
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302 S.F. Martinez 17.4 Internal “
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304 S.F. Martinez and defensive man
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306 S.F. Martinez 17.6 Sanshou Sans
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308 S.F. Martinez Fig. 17.3 Contemp
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310 S.F. Martinez event, a review o
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312 S.F. Martinez 17.8.5 Cervical S
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314 S.F. Martinez 17.9 Lacerations
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316 S.F. Martinez Fig. 17.6 MRI sho
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318 S.F. Martinez Initial treatment
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320 S.F. Martinez complete meniscec
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Chapter 18 Mixed Martial Arts Grego
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18 Mixed Martial Arts 325 it demons
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18 Mixed Martial Arts 327 fighters
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18 Mixed Martial Arts 329 Although
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Chapter 19 Kickboxing George J. Bus
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19 Kickboxing 333 the style became
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19 Kickboxing 335 Photo courtesy of
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19 Kickboxing 337 of elite amateur
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19 Kickboxing 339 trates the means
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19 Kickboxing 341 contrast to Gartl
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19 Kickboxing 343 training (e.g., s
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19 Kickboxing 345 Macan et al. disc
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19 Kickboxing 347 Considering the m
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19 Kickboxing 349 17 . Plisk SS . S
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Index A ACL. See Anterior cruciate
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Index 353 Corneal abrasion, 186 Cot
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Index 355 injuries classification s
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Index 357 S Saengsirisuwan, V., 341
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Index 359 forearm, wrist, hand, and
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Nutrition in Combat Sports

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