Nutrition in Combat Sports

204 P. Jako
Regular monitoring is essential. Return to play must follow a medically supervised
stepwise process [13] .
In boxing the knockout (KO) or repeated knockdown (KD) with or without
unconsciousness from medical point of view is a concussion. In the Medical
Handbook of Amateur Boxing a very detailed guideline can be found for the management
of concussion.
The grading of the concussion is based on the evaluation of the boxer. AIBA
grading system corresponds to the grading system of the American Academy of
Neurology (Table 12.4 ).
Table 12.3 Symptoms of concussion
Early (min and h)
– Headache
– Dizziness or vertigo
– Lack of awareness of surroundings
– Nausea or vomiting
Late (day to week)
– Persistent low-grade headache
– Light-headedness
– Poor attention and concentration
– Memory dysfunction
– Easy fatigability
– Irritability and low frustration tolerance
– Intolerance of bright lights or difficulty focusing vision
– Intolerance of loud noises, sometimes ringing in the ears
– Anxiety and/or depressed mood
Sleep disturbance
Table 12.4 Representative grading of concussion (From [8]. With permission)
System Grade 1 (mild) Grade 2 (moderate) Grade 3 (severe)
American Academy
of Neurology
(1997)
Colorado Concussion
Classification
(1991)
Transient confusion;
no LOC; symptoms
or abnormalities
resolve in
less than 15 min
Confusion without
amnesia; no LOC
Cantu (1986) No LOC; posttraumatic
amnesia
lasting less than
30 min in duration
Transient confusion;
no LOC; symptoms
or abnormalities
last over
15 min
Confusion with amnesia;
no LOC
LOC for less than 5
min in duration, or
posttraumatic
amnesia lasting
longer than 30
min but less than
24 h in duration
Any LOC, either brief
(s) or prolonged
(min)
LOC
LOC for more than 5
min in duration, or
posttraumatic
amnesia lasting
longer for more
than 24 h in
duration