Nutrition in Combat Sports

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16 Karate 293 RC / ppm RC / ppm 250 250 225 225 200 200 175 175 150 150 125 125 100 100 75 75 50 50 25 25 0 Tempo 1:14:00 1:14:30 1:15:00 1:15:30 1:16:00 1:16:30 1:17:00 Tempo: 1:16:55 RC: 174 ppm Fig. 16.2 Heart rate of a national team kumite competitor during a 3-min high-intensity fight in one of the qualification rounds for the European Championships. The heart rate remains above 175 bpm for most part of the time RC / ppm RC / ppm 250 250 225 225 200 200 175 175 150 150 125 125 100 100 75 75 50 50 25 0 168 ppm 25 0:00:00 0:20:00 0:40:00 1:00:00 1:20:00 1:40:00 Tempo Tempo: 1:16:05 RC: 180 ppm Fig. 16.3 Heart rate (as measured with a Polar monitor) during a 2-h training session of a kumite competitor of the Spanish Karate Team. Notice the high intensity of the 3-min fights Championships) showed an average of 8.79 mM/l ( n = 9; range: 6.8–10.6). These variations probably reflect the different demands of the different katas (which can vary in duration from 40 s to 2 min. Figures 16.3 and 16.4 show the heart rate of a kumite and a kata competitor (measured with a heart rate monitor worn under the karate-gi) during the selection competition for the Spanish National Karate Team. This
294 R. Arriaza RC / ppm RC / ppm 250 250 225 225 200 200 175 175 150 150 125 125 100 100 75 75 50 50 25 0 142 ppm 25 0:00:00 0:10:00 0:20:00 0:30:00 0:40:00 0:50:00 1:00:00 1:10:00 1:20:00 Tempo Tempo: 0:00:00 RC: 0 ppm Fig. 16.4 Heart rate (as measured with a Polar monitor) during an 85-min training session of a kata competitor of the Spanish karate team. Notice that the bouts of high-intensity work reach levels similar to the ones of kumite competitors competition was limited to the five top national competitors in each category, in order to select the ones that would represent Spain in the 1996 World Karate Championships. It is evident that the shape of the curves can be completely different under different competition situations, but both clearly stress the importance of the anaerobic energy pathway during top-level competition. 16.6 Karate Injuries After the rule changes implemented in 2002, a prospective recording of injuries resulting from 1,785 matches in two consecutive World Karate Championships (WKC), the 16th WKC in Madrid (Spain 2002) and the 17th WKC in Monterrey (Mexico 2004), was done following the same protocol that was already used to document the injury rate of top-level karate competition in the past [7] . The injuries were graded as major, moderate, or minor according to the World Karate Federation Injury Severity Classification in use since 1990 (Table 16.1 ). It was impossible to track all the competitors after the tournaments were over to find out the exact number of days off training or work to classify the injuries accordingly. A total of 280 injuries were recorded, with an incidence of 0.157 injuries per match or 78.43 injuries per 1,000 athlete-exposures. The cumulative injury rate in male athletes was 0.172 injuries per match and 0.123 in female athletes. When comparing matches with and without (open and team categories) weight limits, the incidence in weight categories in males was 0.166 (or 1 injury in every 6 matches) and in
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Combat Sports Medicine
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Editors Ramin Kordi, MD, MSc (Sport
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vi Preface pre-participation physic
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viii Contents 11 Professional Athle
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2 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox The scien
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4 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox with tech
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6 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox Table 1.3
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8 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox afterward
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10 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox Accordin
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12 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox where ra
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14 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox losses t
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16 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox circumst
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18 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox Despite
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20 L.M. Burke and G.R. Cox 31 . Arm
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22 C.A. Horswill Table 2.1 Current
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24 C.A. Horswill 2.2.3 Martial Arts
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26 C.A. Horswill After the wrestler
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28 C.A. Horswill 56 55 54 53 52 51
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30 C.A. Horswill to simulate combat
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32 C.A. Horswill growth data (NHANE
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34 C.A. Horswill Strategies of rapi
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36 C.A. Horswill References 1. Stee
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38 C.A. Horswill 49. Wroble RR , Mo
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Chapter 3 Sport Psychology in Comba
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3 Sport Psychology in Combat Sports
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56 F. Halabchi substances). Many ot
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58 F. Halabchi the existing evidenc
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60 F. Halabchi Table 4.1 (continued
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62 F. Halabchi offered no further a
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64 F. Halabchi 4.6.1 Amphetamine Am
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66 F. Halabchi retention, myopathie
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68 F. Halabchi Positive Finding rep
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70 F. Halabchi There are still appr
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72 F. Halabchi 37. Kadi F , Bonneru
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74 J. Gauthier their art in an effo
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76 J. Gauthier sports. To the spect
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78 J. Gauthier worth investigating
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80 J. Gauthier matches, which are p
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82 J. Gauthier 5.4.5 Enjoyable Aest
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84 J. Gauthier this overall relatio
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86 J. Gauthier force the sport unde
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88 J. Gauthier 23 . Felson RB . Mas
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90 P. McCrory et al. 6.2 Injury Rat
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92 P. McCrory et al. Table 6.1 (con
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94 P. McCrory et al. The symptoms,
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96 P. McCrory et al. In professiona
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98 P. McCrory et al. neuropsycholog
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100 P. McCrory et al. Neuropsycholo
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102 P. McCrory et al. Table 6.3 Sum
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104 P. McCrory et al. Web sites www
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106 P. McCrory et al. 51 . Stewart
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Chapter 7 Blood-Borne Infections in
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7 Blood-Borne Infections in Combat
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Chapter 8 Skin Infections in Combat
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8 Skin Infections in Combat Sports
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136 C.B. Pasque 9.2 ACL Injuries in
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138 C.B. Pasque surgery may also be
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140 C.B. Pasque maximal exercise le
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142 C.B. Pasque Studies reporting s
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144 C.B. Pasque extremity trauma. U
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146 C.B. Pasque 6 . Griffin LY , Al
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148 C.B. Pasque 56 . Birrer RB , Bi
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Chapter 10 Children in Combat Sport
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10 Children in Combat Sports 153 ce
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10 Children in Combat Sports 155 ma
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10 Children in Combat Sports 157 Ta
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10 Children in Combat Sports 159 If
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10 Children in Combat Sports 161 Ma
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10 Children in Combat Sports 163 sh
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10 Children in Combat Sports 165 Ta
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10 Children in Combat Sports 167 Fi
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10 Children in Combat Sports 169 of
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10 Children in Combat Sports 171 28
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Chapter 11 Professional Athlete Mar
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11 Professional Athlete 175 11.2 We
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11 Professional Athlete 177 Table 1
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11 Professional Athlete 179 If the
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11 Professional Athlete 181 There a
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11 Professional Athlete 183 complai
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11 Professional Athlete 185 could w
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11 Professional Athlete 187 4. Reti
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11 Professional Athlete 189 occur m
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11 Professional Athlete 191 Table 1
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Chapter 12 Boxing Peter Jako Learni
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12 Boxing 195 In 1994, the Medical
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12 Boxing 197 capacity of a boxer h
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12 Boxing 199 12.9 Developing Stren
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12 Boxing 201 Fig. 12.2 Rupture of
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12 Boxing 203 Second impact syndrom
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12 Boxing 205 Table 12.5 Neurocogni
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12 Boxing 207 ear-nose-throat speci
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12 Boxing 209 Fig. 12.4 An anteropo
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12 Boxing 211 Return to boxing afte
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12 Boxing 213 7. Medical Handbook o
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216 R.R. Wroble allows holds only a
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218 R.R. Wroble joint through a ran
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220 R.R. Wroble sprains/strains is
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222 R.R. Wroble must be stopped. Ti
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224 R.R. Wroble 38.7% of wrestlers
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226 R.R. Wroble whom were wrestlers
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228 R.R. Wroble injuries over an 8-
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230 R.R. Wroble The most common sol
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232 R.R. Wroble 13.4.6 Meniscus Inj
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234 R.R. Wroble 13.5.2 Catastrophic
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236 R.R. Wroble 13.6.1 Physical Cha
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238 R.R. Wroble contact. Contact wi
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240 R.R. Wroble Preventive measure
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Page 246 and 247: 244 R.R. Wroble Mysnyk MC , Albrigh
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Page 268 and 269: 15 Taekwondo 267 Boey and Xie [39]
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Page 330 and 331: Chapter 19 Kickboxing George J. Bus
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Page 336 and 337: 19 Kickboxing 337 of elite amateur
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19 Kickboxing 345 Macan et al. disc
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19 Kickboxing 347 Considering the m
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19 Kickboxing 349 17 . Plisk SS . S
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Index A ACL. See Anterior cruciate
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Index 353 Corneal abrasion, 186 Cot
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Index 355 injuries classification s
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Index 357 S Saengsirisuwan, V., 341
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Index 359 forearm, wrist, hand, and
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Nutrition in Combat Sports

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