R.J. Godlewski's The Independent Counterterrorist. I, Militia. June ...

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ut improving and expanding U.S. engagement on these issues is critical. The United States should offer to assist Mexico in developing specific anti-gang and anticartel laws, and the various U.S. agencies with special expertise in fighting organized crime can provide aid in fashioning effective prosecution strategies. The United States already has professional exchanges that focus on these issues in place vis-à-vis several Central American nations; if extended to Mexico, such programs can offer a relatively inexpensive way of making that country’s legal system better suited to tackling current threats. Even more important will be greater support for President Calderon’s new initiative to modernize judicial procedures by permitting the use of oral evidence, conducting open rather than secret proceedings, and improving the transparency and efficiency of the Mexican court system. Central American countries working with the financial and technical assistance of USAID have had some success in conducting such reforms and making their legal systems more accessible to the population. Similar cooperation will be essential in Mexico. 140 Economic and Social Development. Over the long term, the success of counternarcotics in Mexico will hinge in no small part on the government’s ability to address the economic grievances and social alienation that often inform criminal activity. The security threats that the United States confronts in the Western Hemisphere, Admiral Stavridis has recently written, “are symptoms of the deeper endemic problems of poverty and inequality.” 141 Setting aside the herculean economic and financial problems now facing Mexico—and indeed all the 42
world’s nations—as a result of the current global economic meltdown, efforts to relieve the endemic strains should focus on the micro level rather than the macro. The need will be for small-scale, precisely targeted projects that alleviate the endemic poverty that has long afflicted much of the country and provide economic and social alternatives to criminal activity for populations at risk. Micro-finance and vocational training programs provide good examples of such initiatives, which have already been used for counternarcotics and antiorganized crime purposes in Central America. A pilot program in El Salvador recently reintegrated roughly 300 former gang members into society by offering training in carpentry, screen-printing, and other such activities, and the Inter-American Development Bank has approved a $32 million loan to Honduras for a micro-entrepreneurship program aimed at vulnerable youths. 142 These programs should be replicated on a broader scale in Mexico, along with sustained and sufficiently funded alternative development projects that will provide economic incentives for marijuana farmers to switch to legal crops. Guns and Users: U.S. Domestic Contributions. Due to the political controversy that surrounds issues like gun laws and U.S. domestic demand, these questions may well prove to be the thorniest aspects of counternarcotics policy. With respect to demand, the debate on this issue is often framed as a choice between legalization and enforcement. In reality, this is false dichotomy. Studies by the RAND Corporation have shown that, if funded properly, prevention and treatment initiatives—running the gamut from anti-drug-use advertising to education to 43
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R.J. Godlewski’s The Independent
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FOREWORD The presence of drugged fi
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SUMMARY The complexity of many ongo
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Additional institutional measures s
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that those who became addicted were
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to constrain it. Taking mind alteri
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DRUG DEMAND AMONG COMBATANTS Drugs
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equipped troops also causes the sam
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for ailments unrelated to combat. N
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Conflict Supply/Demand Type(s) of D
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that many fighters do not act in a
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Giving drugs to individuals coincid
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in war occurs for a variety of reas
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in the conflict will have to prepar
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use. A type of drug quagmire can de
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“There’s guys who have to have
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with eccentric nicknames reflecting
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law enforcement institutions like E
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parameters of any possible peace ac
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Unlike the Vietnam era, the U.S. mi
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tions of professional military educ
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British routinely sought to destroy
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22. Addressing Organized Crime and
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Page 59 and 60: 68. See, for example, Richard Rawso
Page 61 and 62: MEXICO'S NARCO-INSURGENCY AND U.S.
Page 63 and 64: FOREWORD Since 2006, Mexico has rap
Page 65 and 66: SUMMARY On June 30, 2008, President
Page 67 and 68: MEXICO’S NARCO-INSURGENCY AND U.S
Page 69: major foreign traffickers, with dom
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Page 80 and 81: part of the country. Felipe Caldero
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Page 84 and 85: Coahuila in 2006. 71 These practice
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Page 102 and 103: honest, professional manner. The Me
Page 104 and 105: In congressional hearings on the Me
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Page 112 and 113: have long nourished the drug trade
Page 114 and 115: Beltrans Join the Golf Cartel and Z
Page 116 and 117: in 2007. “Homicidio de presunto z
Page 118 and 119: 49. U.S. Immigration and Customs En
Page 120 and 121: 71. Sarah Miller Llana, “Military
Page 122 and 123: for Mexico and Central America, Was
Page 124 and 125: 106. Gabriel Marcella, The United S
Page 126 and 127: 123. “Visit to Cucuta, on Colombi
Page 128 and 129: FROM THE NEW MIDDLE AGES TO A NEW D
Page 130: ***** The Strategic Studies Institu
Page 133 and 134: and restoring order, and remains ov
Page 136 and 137: SUMMARY Security and stability in t
Page 138 and 139: disengagement at the other. The fir
Page 140 and 141: FROM THE NEW MIDDLE AGES TO A NEW D
Page 142 and 143: Observers who see the dominance of
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Page 146 and 147: ecome regarded as a global “space
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Page 150 and 151: The medieval order was a highly fle
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to illicit activities is a natural
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ability of the various nonstate act
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ted urban spaces that are no longer
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Although it might appear contrived
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where the riots discussed above wer
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spite of such measures as the Conta
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ecome increasingly apparent, while
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analyzed within the context of the
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a nuclear weapons state. Conditions
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demands are likely to “encounter
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spreading. To some extent, these co
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V. GLOBAL INSTABILITY AND U.S. STRA
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indivisible. From this perspective,
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of loyalty to the mission, and focu
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assumption that although these tren
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order discussed above. Yet this mig
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15. Ibid. 16. John Rapley, “The N
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Crime, New York: Simon and Schuster
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2007, posted by and available at ww
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93. Ibid., p. 7. 94. Ibid., p. 34.
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