Carbohydrates and Health

Fasting LDL-cholesterol
5.57 Twenty four randomised controlled trials that presented evidence on diets differing
in the proportion of carbohydrate to protein and fat on fasting LDL-cholesterol
were included in the meta-analysis (Clevidence et al., 1992; Brehm et al., 2003;
Johnston et al., 2004; Pereira et al., 2004; Sharman et al., 2004; Meckling et al.,
2004; Brehm et al., 2005; Dansinger et al., 2005; Layman et al., 2005; Krauss et al.,
2006; McMillan-Price et al., 2006; Noakes et al., 2006; Gardner et al., 2007; Keogh
et al., 2007; Leidy et al., 2007; Mahon et al., 2007; Meckling & Sherfey, 2007; Maki
et al., 2007b; Keogh et al., 2008; Phillips et al., 2008; Stoernell et al., 2008; Morgan
et al., 2009; Sacks et al., 2009; de Luis et al., 2009b). Two trials were identified
in the update search (Lim et al., 2010; Wycherley et al., 2010) (Cardio-metabolic
review, hyperlipidaemias and blood lipids chapter; Update search).
5.58 An effect is demonstrated, with higher carbohydrate, lower fat, average protein
diets decreasing fasting LDL-cholesterol concentration (-0.27mmol/L, 95% CI
-0.36, -0.18; p