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HEALTH BEHAVIOUR IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN: WHO COLLABORATIVE CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY (HBSC) 2014 SURVEY IN SCOTLAND NATIONAL REPORT month. The most common symptom for which young people took medicine in the last month was headaches (48% of 13-year olds and 59% of 15-year olds) (Figure 11.15). Girls are more likely than boys to have taken medicine in the last month (72% versus 48%). Gender differences exist for each of the different medicine types: headaches (42% of boys; 64% of girls), stomachache (14% of boys; 47% of girls), nervousness (2% of boys; 6% of girls), sleep difficulties (4% of boys: 7% of girls), ‘another symptom not listed’ (14% of boys; 18% of girls). The gender differences in medicine use are particularly great at age 15, with 71% of girls this age using headache medicine compared to 46% of boys. Around half (51%) of girls this age report using medicine for stomachache in the past month compared to only 15% of boys. Reported medicine use in 2014 is similar to that in 2010, except for headache medicine amongst 15-year olds which increased from 54% to 59%. The increase in the use of headache medication was greatest among 15-year old girls which changed from 64% in 2010 to 71% in 2014. HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE Pupils aged 15 have completed the Kidscreen health-related quality of life scale as part of the HBSC Scotland survey since 2006. This scale includes 10 questions pertaining to psychological well-being, autonomy, relationships with parents, peer support and perceived cognitive capacity. Figure 11.16 presents the standardised score combining these 10 questions for boys and girls (scores in the data ranged from -3.54 to 83.81), with higher scores reflecting greater health-related quality of life. Since 2006, boys have exhibited higher health-related quality of life than girls. Over this period, health-related quality of life has been subject to steady decline, meaning that in 2014, it is lower than it was in 2006 for both boys and girls. PERCEIVED STRESS Thirteen and 15-year old pupils completed the perceived stress scale 40 in 2014. This scale includes four questions which are combined into the scale score presented in Figure 11.17. The maximum score on this scale is 16, with high scores reflecting higher levels of perceived stress. Girls report higher levels of stress than boys, and 15-year old boys and girls each report greater stress than their 13-year old counterparts. 68
HEALTH BEHAVIOUR IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN: WHO COLLABORATIVE CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY (HBSC) 2014 SURVEY IN SCOTLAND NATIONAL REPORT Figure 11.15: MEDICINE USE % used medicine for this in the last month Figure 11.16: KIDSCREEN SCORE: 15-YEAR OLDS 2006 – 2014 Average kidscreen score 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 59 48 34 28 15 16 4 5 6 6 Headache Stomachache Nervousness Sleep difficulties Other 47 45 2006 † 45 43 2010 † Boys 45 HBSC Scotland 2006 – 2014 Surveys 41 2014 † HBSC Scotland 2014 Survey Age 13 Age 15 Girls † Significant gender difference (p
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